Droma Y, Kunii O, Yangzom Y, Shan M, Pingzo L, Song P
Department of Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.
Clin Exp Allergy. 2007 Sep;37(9):1326-33. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2007.02781.x.
The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) demonstrated that large variations existed in the prevalence of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema throughout the world and that environmental factors and lifestyle customs are major determinants of the prevalence and severity of these diseases. However, the relevant data about children living at high-altitude locations were considered to be underreported.
The ISAAC Phase III programme was carried out in Lhasa, the Tibetan Autonomous Region in China, at an elevation of 3658 m above sea level to examine the occurrence of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema in schoolchildren aged 13-14 years.
All 3196 schoolchildren in eight public junior high schools in urban Lhasa who were confirmed to be 13-14 years old were invited and participated in both written and video questionnaire investigations, among which 3190 pieces of data (49.8% of boys and 50.2% of girls) were validated and analysed.
Among the overall observations, the prevalence of 'having ever experienced wheezing', 'current wheezing' and 'diagnosed to have asthma' was 1.4%, 0.8% and 1.1%, respectively. The prevalence of current exercise-induced asthma and current nocturnal cough was 7.1% and 4.6%, respectively. The current prevalence of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema was 5.2% and 0.4%, respectively. In addition, the prevalence of rhinoconjunctivitis symptoms during the past 12 months showed no discernable differences throughout the year.
The prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema over the past 12 months was the lowest among the centres, that performed ISAAC worldwide.
儿童哮喘和过敏国际研究（ISAAC）表明，世界各地哮喘、过敏性鼻结膜炎和湿疹症状的患病率存在很大差异，环境因素和生活方式习惯是这些疾病患病率和严重程度的主要决定因素。然而，有关生活在高海拔地区儿童的相关数据被认为报告不足。
ISAAC第三阶段项目在中国西藏自治区拉萨市海拔3658米处开展，以调查13 - 14岁学童哮喘、过敏性鼻结膜炎和湿疹的发病情况。
邀请了拉萨市市区八所公立初中所有经确认年龄在13 - 14岁的3196名学童，参与书面和视频问卷调查，其中3190份数据（男孩占49.8%，女孩占50.2%）经过验证并进行分析。
在总体观察中，“曾经喘息过”“当前喘息”和“被诊断为哮喘”的患病率分别为1.4%、0.8%和1.1%。当前运动诱发性哮喘和当前夜间咳嗽的患病率分别为7.1%和4.6%。当前过敏性鼻结膜炎和湿疹的患病率分别为5.2%和0.4%。此外，过去12个月内鼻结膜炎症状的患病率全年无明显差异。
在全球开展ISAAC项目的各中心中，过去12个月哮喘、过敏性鼻结膜炎和湿疹的患病率最低。
