Lemke U, Kaufmann B, Thuy L T, Emrich K, Zárate A Valle
Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry 480a, University of Hohenheim, Institute of Animal Production in the Tropics and Subtropics, Garbenstr. 17, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
Trop Anim Health Prod. 2007 May;39(4):237-54. doi: 10.1007/s11250-007-9001-9.
This study evaluates smallholder pig production systems in North Vietnam, comparing a semi-intensive system near a town with good market access, where a Vietnamese improved breed has replaced the indigenous pig breed, and an extensive system away from town, where the indigenous breed still prevails. Fieldwork was conducted in 64 households in four villages. Repeated farm visits yielded 234 structured interviews. Data were analysed by linear models and non-parametric tests. Production inputs and outputs were quantified, and feed use efficiency and economic efficiency were assessed. The gross margin was higher for semi-intensive production with the improved breed, while the benefit-cost ratio was higher under extensive conditions with the indigenous breed. The net benefit did not differ between systems. Twenty-four per cent of farmers yielded a negative net benefit. In one village under extensive conditions, live weight output from indigenous sows with crossbred offspring compared positively with the output from semi-intensive production with improved genotypes, but was associated with high inputs, making production inefficient. Results indicate that improved genotypes might not be an efficient production alternative for saving-oriented production with limited resource supply. Suitability of evaluation parameters, farmers' production aims, and factors impacting the production success in different systems are discussed.
本研究评估了越南北部的小农户养猪生产系统，比较了靠近城镇且市场准入良好的半集约化系统（在该系统中，越南改良品种已取代本地猪品种）和远离城镇的粗放式系统（在该系统中，本地品种仍然占主导）。在四个村庄的64户家庭中开展了实地调查。通过多次走访农场，进行了234次结构化访谈。采用线性模型和非参数检验对数据进行分析。对生产投入和产出进行了量化，并评估了饲料使用效率和经济效率。改良品种的半集约化生产的毛利润更高，而本地品种在粗放条件下的效益成本比更高。两个系统的净利润没有差异。24%的农户净利润为负。在一个粗放条件下的村庄，本地母猪与杂交后代的活重产量与改良基因型的半集约化生产产量相比具有优势，但投入较高，导致生产效率低下。结果表明，对于资源供应有限的节约型生产而言，改良基因型可能不是一种高效的生产选择。文中讨论了评估参数的适用性、农户的生产目标以及影响不同系统生产成功的因素。
