Larentzaki E, Shelton A M, Musser F R, Nault B A, Plate J
Department of Entomology, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Cornell University, 630 W. North Street, Geneva, NY 14456, USA.
J Econ Entomol. 2007 Aug;100(4):1194-200. doi: 10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[1194:olahfo]2.0.co;2.
Identifying locations where onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), overwinter and subsequently disperse is important for designing control strategies. In upstate New York from 2003 through 2006, potential overwintering sites in the commercial onion, Allium cepa L., cropping system were investigated early in the spring before onion seedling emergence and again late in the season after onions were harvested. Onion thrips adults were sampled directly from the soil and indirectly from the soil by using emergence cages. Sampling locations included onion field interiors and edges and areas outside of these fields, including woods. Host material sampled included onion culls; volunteer onions, which sprout from cull onions left behind after harvest; and weeds. Onion thrips adults were found in all sections of onion fields and in locations outside of onion fields, with the fewest emerging from woods. Emergence began in early May and extended into June. Peak emergence occurred during the last half of May, at which time 50-75% of the population had emerged. Adults colonized volunteer onions as early as late March and as late as mid-November. No adults were found overwintering in onion cull piles. Adults also colonized several weed species, especially pigweed, Amaranthus hybridis L., and lambsquarters, Chenopodium album L., late in the fall. Our results indicate that onion thrips adults overwinter in the soil within and near onion fields and that they probably colonize volunteer onion plants before subsequent generations infest the onion crop in the spring. Volunteer onions and weeds also provide onion thrips with a host after onions are harvested. Consequently, onion thrips management strategies should include tactics that reduce volunteer onion and weed abundance.
确定葱蓟马（Thrips tabaci Lindeman，缨翅目：蓟马科）的越冬地点及其随后的扩散路径对于制定防治策略至关重要。2003年至2006年期间，在纽约州北部，于春季洋葱幼苗出土前以及季末洋葱收获后，对商业洋葱（Allium cepa L.）种植系统中的潜在越冬地点进行了调查。通过直接从土壤中采样以及使用羽化笼从土壤中间接采样来获取葱蓟马成虫。采样地点包括洋葱田内部和边缘以及这些田地之外的区域，包括树林。所采样的寄主材料包括洋葱残株；自生洋葱，即收获后遗留的洋葱残株上长出的洋葱；以及杂草。在洋葱田的所有区域以及洋葱田外的地点均发现了葱蓟马成虫，从树林中羽化出的成虫数量最少。羽化始于5月初并持续到6月。羽化高峰期出现在5月下旬，此时50 - 75%的种群已经羽化。成虫早在3月下旬就开始在自生洋葱上定殖，最晚持续到11月中旬。未发现成虫在洋葱残株堆中越冬。成虫在秋季后期还定殖于几种杂草上，尤其是反枝苋（Amaranthus hybridis L.）和藜（Chenopodium album L.）。我们的结果表明，葱蓟马成虫在洋葱田内及附近的土壤中越冬，并且它们可能在春季后代侵袭洋葱作物之前先定殖于自生洋葱植株上。自生洋葱和杂草在洋葱收获后也为葱蓟马提供了寄主。因此，葱蓟马的管理策略应包括减少自生洋葱和杂草数量的措施。
