Patterson C, Ericson J, Manea-Krichten M, Shirahata H
Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125.
Sci Total Environ. 1991 Sep;107:205-36. doi: 10.1016/0048-9697(91)90260-l.
Lead, Ba and Ca concentrations were determined in tooth enamel, femur and rib from buried skeletons of PreColumbian Southwest American Indians, 10 subjects who lived 1000 years ago on the Pacific coast at 34 degrees N, and 13 subjects who lived 700 years ago in a desert valley tributary of the Colorado River at 37 degrees N 111 degrees W, both groups living in environments uncontaminated by technological Pb. For the coastal tribe, average Pb/Ca ratios were 1.1 x 10(-7) in enamel, 2.3 x 10(-7) in femur and 4.7 x 10(-7) in rib, while Ba/Ca ratios were 1.2 x 10(-5) in enamel, 32 x 10(-5) in femur and 38 x 10(-5) in rib (wt ratios). For the desert tribe, average Pb/Ca ratios were 4 x 10(-7) in enamel, 11 x 10(-7) in femur and 37 x 10(-7) in rib, while Ba/Ca ratios were 1.1 x 10(-5) in enamel, 7.5 x 10(-5) in femur and 6.2 x 10(-5) in rib. It is shown that biologic levels of Pb and Ba in buried femur and rib at both burial sites and in buried enamel at the Arizona site are obscured by excessive diagenetic additions of Pb and Ba from soil moisture. It is shown that one-third of the Pb in enamel at the Malibu site is biologic, yielding a skeletal Pb/Ca (wt) ratio of 4 x 10(-8). This is equivalent to a mean skeletal concentration of 13 ng Pb g-1 bone ash, and a mean natural body burden of 40 micrograms Pb/70 kg adult Homo sapiens sapiens, uncontaminated by technological Pb. This value is about one-thousandth of the mean body burden of 40 mg industrial Pb/70 kg adult American today, which indicates the probable existence within most Americans of dysfunctions caused by poisoning from chronic, excessive overexposures to industrial Pb.
测定了来自美国西南部前哥伦布时期印第安人埋葬骨骼的牙釉质、股骨和肋骨中的铅、钡和钙浓度。其中，10名受试者生活在1000年前北纬34度的太平洋沿岸，13名受试者生活在700年前西经111度北纬37度的科罗拉多河沙漠山谷支流，两组人都生活在未受工业铅污染的环境中。对于沿海部落，牙釉质中铅/钙的平均比值为1.1×10⁻⁷，股骨中为2.3×10⁻⁷，肋骨中为4.7×10⁻⁷，而钡/钙的比值在牙釉质中为1.2×10⁻⁵，股骨中为32×10⁻⁵，肋骨中为38×10⁻⁵（重量比）。对于沙漠部落，牙釉质中铅/钙的平均比值为4×10⁻⁷，股骨中为11×10⁻⁷，肋骨中为37×10⁻⁷，而钡/钙的比值在牙釉质中为1.1×10⁻⁵，股骨中为7.5×10⁻⁵，肋骨中为6.2×10⁻⁵。结果表明，两个埋葬地点的埋葬股骨和肋骨以及亚利桑那州埋葬牙釉质中铅和钡的生物水平被土壤水分中过量的成岩添加的铅和钡所掩盖。结果表明，马里布遗址牙釉质中三分之一的铅是生物来源的，骨骼中铅/钙（重量）比值为4×10⁻⁸。这相当于每克骨灰中铅的平均浓度为13纳克，70千克成年智人的平均自然身体负担为40微克铅，未受工业铅污染。这个值约为当今70千克成年美国人平均身体负担40毫克工业铅的千分之一，这表明大多数美国人可能存在因长期过度接触工业铅中毒而导致的功能障碍。
