Das S K, Dhanya L, Vasudevan D M
Department of Biochemistry, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kerala, India.
Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 2008;68(2):81-92. doi: 10.1080/00365510701532662. Epub 2007 Jun 24.
Alcoholic beverages, and the problems they engender, have been familiar in human societies since the beginning of recorded history. Among a variety of blood tests used to aid the diagnosis of alcohol consumption and related disorders, laboratory tests are particularly useful in settings where cooperativeness is suspected or when a history is not available. Biochemical and haematological tests, such as gamma-glutamyltransferase activity, aspartate aminotransferase activity and erythrocyte mean corpuscular volume, are established markers of alcohol intake. Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin is the only test approved by the FDA for the identification of heavy alcohol use. Total serum sialic acid and sialic acid index of Apolipoprotein J have the potential to be included in a combination of measurements providing an accurate, more exact, assessment of alcohol consumption in a variety of clinical and research settings. Several other markers with considerable potential for measuring recent alcohol intake include beta-hexosaminidase, acetaldehyde adducts and the urinary ratio of serotonin metabolites, 5-hydroxytryptophol and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. These markers provide hope for more sensitive and specific aids to diagnosis and improved monitoring of alcohol intake.
自历史有记载以来，酒精饮料及其引发的问题在人类社会中就已为人熟知。在用于辅助诊断酒精摄入及相关疾病的各种血液检测中，实验室检测在怀疑患者不配合或无法获取病史的情况下尤为有用。生化和血液学检测，如γ-谷氨酰转移酶活性、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶活性和红细胞平均体积，是酒精摄入的既定标志物。缺糖转铁蛋白是美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）批准用于识别重度酒精使用的唯一检测项目。总血清唾液酸和载脂蛋白J的唾液酸指数有可能纳入一系列检测指标中，以便在各种临床和研究环境中对酒精摄入量进行准确、更精确的评估。其他几种在测量近期酒精摄入量方面具有相当潜力的标志物包括β-己糖胺酶、乙醛加合物以及血清素代谢物5-羟色醇和5-羟吲哚乙酸的尿液比值。这些标志物为更敏感、特异的诊断辅助手段以及改善酒精摄入量监测带来了希望。
