Latgé Jean-Paul
Unite des Aspergillus, Institut Pasteur, 25, rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France.
Mol Microbiol. 2007 Oct;66(2):279-90. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.05872.x. Epub 2007 Sep 14.
The cell wall is composed of a polysaccharide-based three-dimensional network. Considered for a long time as an inert exoskeleton, the cell wall is now seen as a dynamic structure that is continuously changing as a result of the modification of culture conditions and environmental stresses. Although the cell wall composition varies among fungal species, chemogenomic comparative analysis have led to a better understanding of the genes and mechanisms involved in the construction of the common central core composed of branched beta1,3 glucan-chitin. Because of its essential biological role, unique biochemistry and structural organization and the absence in mammalian cells of most of its constitutive components, the cell wall is an attractive target for the development of new antifungal agents. Genomic as well as drug studies have shown that the death of the fungus can result from inhibition of cell wall polysaccharide synthases. To date, only beta1,3 glucan synthase inhibitors have been launched clinically and many more targets remain to be explored.
细胞壁由基于多糖的三维网络组成。长期以来，细胞壁被视为一种惰性外骨骼，现在则被看作是一种动态结构，由于培养条件的改变和环境压力，它在不断变化。尽管不同真菌物种的细胞壁组成有所不同，但化学基因组学比较分析有助于更好地理解参与构建由分支β1,3-葡聚糖-几丁质组成的共同核心的基因和机制。由于其重要的生物学作用、独特的生物化学和结构组织，以及哺乳动物细胞中缺乏其大多数组成成分，细胞壁是开发新型抗真菌药物的一个有吸引力的靶点。基因组学以及药物研究表明，真菌的死亡可能是由于细胞壁多糖合酶受到抑制。迄今为止，只有β1,3-葡聚糖合酶抑制剂已在临床上推出，还有更多靶点有待探索。
