March Ferrella A, Dwyer F James, Augspurger Tom, Ingersoll Christopher G, Wang Ning, Mebane Christopher A
Oklahoma Biological Survey, University of Oklahoma, 111 E. Chesapeake Street, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2007 Oct;26(10):2066-74. doi: 10.1897/06-560R.1.
The state of Oklahoma has designated several areas as freshwater mussel sanctuaries in an attempt to provide freshwater mussel species a degree of protection and to facilitate their reproduction. We evaluated the protection afforded freshwater mussels by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) hardness-based 1996 ambient copper water quality criteria, the 2007 U.S. EPA water quality criteria based on the biotic ligand model and the 2005 state of Oklahoma copper water quality standards. Both the criterion maximum concentration and criterion continuous concentration were evaluated. Published acute and chronic copper toxicity data that met American Society for Testing and Materials guidance for test acceptability were obtained for exposures conducted with glochidia or juvenile freshwater mussels. We tabulated toxicity data for glochidia and juveniles to calculate 20 species mean acute values for freshwater mussels. Generally, freshwater mussel species mean acute values were similar to those of the more sensitive species included in the U.S. EPA water quality derivation database. When added to the database of genus mean acute values used in deriving 1996 copper water quality criteria, 14 freshwater mussel genus mean acute values included 10 of the lowest 15 genus mean acute values, with three mussel species having the lowest values. Chronic exposure and sublethal effects freshwater mussel data available for four species and acute to chronic ratios were used to evaluate the criterion continuous concentration. On the basis of the freshwater mussel toxicity data used in this assessment, the hardness-based 1996 U.S. EPA water quality criteria, the 2005 Oklahoma water quality standards, and the 2007 U.S. EPA water quality criteria based on the biotic ligand model might need to be revised to afford protection to freshwater mussels.
俄克拉荷马州已指定多个区域为淡水贻贝保护区，旨在为淡水贻贝物种提供一定程度的保护并促进其繁殖。我们评估了美国环境保护局（EPA）基于硬度的1996年环境铜水质标准、基于生物配体模型的2007年EPA水质标准以及2005年俄克拉荷马州铜水质标准对淡水贻贝的保护情况。同时评估了标准最大浓度和标准连续浓度。获取了符合美国材料与试验协会试验可接受性指南的已发表的铜对钩介幼虫或幼年淡水贻贝急性和慢性毒性数据。我们将钩介幼虫和幼体的毒性数据制成表格，以计算20种淡水贻贝的平均急性值。一般来说，淡水贻贝物种的平均急性值与美国EPA水质推导数据库中较敏感物种的平均急性值相似。当将其添加到用于推导1996年铜水质标准的属平均急性值数据库中时，14个淡水贻贝属平均急性值中有10个是15个最低属平均急性值中的，其中三种贻贝物种的值最低。利用四种物种的淡水贻贝慢性暴露和亚致死效应数据以及急性与慢性比率来评估标准连续浓度。基于本评估中使用的淡水贻贝毒性数据，可能需要修订基于硬度的1996年美国EPA水质标准、2005年俄克拉荷马州水质标准以及基于生物配体模型的2007年美国EPA水质标准，以保护淡水贻贝。
