Nomura E M, Reber P J
Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, 2029 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60201, USA.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2008;32(2):279-91. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2007.07.006. Epub 2007 Aug 10.
Here we review recent functional neuroimaging, neuropsychological and behavioral studies examining the role of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) and the caudate in learning visual categories either by verbalizeable rules or without awareness. The MTL and caudate are found to play dissociable roles in different types of category learning with successful rule-based (RB) categorization depending selectively on the MTL and non-verbalizeable information-integration (II) category learning depending on the posterior caudate. These studies utilize a combination of experimental cognitive psychology, mathematical modeling (Decision Bound Theory (DBT)) and cognitive computational modeling (the COVIS model of Ashby et al. [1998. A neuropsychological theory of multiple systems in category learning. Psychological Review 105, 442-481]) to enhance the understanding of data obtained via functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The combination of approaches is used to both test hypotheses of the cognitive model and also to incorporate hypotheses about the strategies used by participants to direct analysis of fMRI data. Examination of the roles of the MTL and caudate in visual category learning holds the promise of bridging between abstract cognitive models of behavior, systems neuroscience, neuropsychology, and the underlying neurophysiology of these brain regions.
在此，我们回顾了近期的功能神经影像学、神经心理学及行为学研究，这些研究探讨了内侧颞叶（MTL）和尾状核在通过可言语化规则或无意识学习视觉类别中的作用。研究发现，MTL和尾状核在不同类型的类别学习中发挥着不同的作用，成功的基于规则（RB）分类选择性地依赖于MTL，而不可言语化的信息整合（II）类别学习则依赖于尾状核后部。这些研究结合了实验认知心理学、数学建模（决策边界理论（DBT））和认知计算建模（阿什比等人[1998年。类别学习中多系统的神经心理学理论。《心理学评论》105，442 - 481]的COVIS模型），以增进对通过功能磁共振成像（fMRI）获得的数据的理解。这些方法的结合既用于检验认知模型的假设，也用于纳入关于参与者用于指导fMRI数据分析的策略的假设。对MTL和尾状核在视觉类别学习中的作用的研究有望在行为的抽象认知模型、系统神经科学、神经心理学以及这些脑区的潜在神经生理学之间架起桥梁。
