Oni G A, Schumann D A, Oke E A
Department of Community Health, University of Ilorin, Nigeria.
J Diarrhoeal Dis Res. 1991 Sep;9(3):250-7.
A 12-month diarrhoeal disease surveillance was carried out in a sample of 351 children under 3 years of age in a low-income traditional area of Ilorin, Nigeria to determine whether sociodemographic characteristics, including age of the child, sex, parity, mother's education, occupation, mother's age and household kitchen, were associated with the incidence of acute diarrhoea. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine association. Results indicated that only the age of the child and the type of kitchen used by the household had a significant association with diarrhoea. Diarrhoeal incidence decreases with the child's age while households with a private kitchen had a significantly lower incidence rate than those without a kitchen. This finding emphasises the importance of good hygiene in reducing the risk of having diarrhoea. Three common treatments applied by mothers are ORS (used in 14.8% of diarrhoea days), antibiotics (54.5%) and local herbs (27.7%). The younger a child is the more likely that ORS and antibiotics will be administered during diarrhoea. About 53% of the antibiotic use was by self medication while 40% were prescribed by the clinics. The need for educational campaigns to discourage the inappropriate use of antibiotics was emphasised.
在尼日利亚伊洛林一个低收入传统地区，对351名3岁以下儿童进行了为期12个月的腹泻病监测，以确定社会人口学特征，包括儿童年龄、性别、胎次、母亲教育程度、职业、母亲年龄和家庭厨房类型，是否与急性腹泻的发病率相关。采用双变量和多变量分析来确定关联性。结果表明，只有儿童年龄和家庭使用的厨房类型与腹泻有显著关联。腹泻发病率随儿童年龄增长而降低，有私人厨房的家庭腹泻发病率明显低于没有厨房的家庭。这一发现强调了良好卫生习惯在降低腹泻风险方面的重要性。母亲常用的三种治疗方法是口服补液盐（在腹泻天数中占14.8%）、抗生素（54.5%）和当地草药（27.7%）。儿童年龄越小，腹泻期间使用口服补液盐和抗生素的可能性就越大。约53%的抗生素使用是自我用药，40%是诊所开的药。强调了开展教育活动以劝阻不当使用抗生素的必要性。
