Adelman James S, Brown Gordon D A
Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, England.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2007 Jun;14(3):455-9. doi: 10.3758/bf03194088.
The orthographic neighborhood size (N) of a word--the number of words that can be formed from that word by replacing one letter with another in its place--has been found to have facilitatory effects in word naming. The orthographic neighborhood hypothesis attributes this facilitation to interactive effects. A phonographic neighborhood hypothesis, in contrast, attributes the effect to lexical print-sound conversion. According to the phonographic neighborhood hypothesis, phonographic neighbors (words differing in one letter and one phoneme, e.g., stove and stone) should facilitate naming, and other orthographic neighbors (e.g., stove and shove) should not. The predictions of these two hypotheses are tested. Unique facilitatory phonographic N effects were found in four sets of word naming mega-study data, along with an absence of facilitatory orthographic N effects. These results implicate print-sound conversion--based on consistent phonology--in neighborhood effects rather than word-letter feedback.
一个单词的正字法邻域大小（N）——即通过在该单词的某个位置用另一个字母替换一个字母而能形成的单词数量——已被发现对单词命名具有促进作用。正字法邻域假说将这种促进作用归因于交互效应。相比之下，一个音素邻域假说则将这种效应归因于词汇的印刷体-语音转换。根据音素邻域假说，音素邻域词（在一个字母和一个音素上不同的单词，例如stove和stone）应该促进命名，而其他正字法邻域词（例如stove和shove）则不应该。对这两种假说的预测进行了检验。在四组单词命名大型研究数据中发现了独特的促进性音素N效应，同时没有促进性正字法N效应。这些结果表明，基于一致音系的印刷体-语音转换在邻域效应中起作用，而不是单词字母反馈。
