Kirisci Levent, Tarter Ralph, Mezzich Ada, Vanyukov Michael
University of Pittsburgh, School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
Psychol Addict Behav. 2007 Sep;21(3):287-96. doi: 10.1037/0893-164X.21.3.287.
Three trajectory classes culminating in substance use disorder (SUD) were discerned in a longitudinal study of boys from ages 10-12 to 22 years. Neurobehavior disinhibition, parental SUD, socioeconomic status, and affiliation with deviant peers were measured at baseline. Approval of socially nonnormative behavior was measured at ages 10-12, 12-14, 16, and 19 years. Two high-risk trajectories, indicated by increasing approval of antisociality and progressive social maladjustment during adolescence (SUD rate = 72.7%) and stable high level of disturbance (SUD rate = 85%), were identified. Individual characteristics (neurobehavior disinhibition) in conjunction with contextual factors (low socioeconomic status, parental SUD, affiliation with deviant friends) promote approval of antisociality during adolescence and a high rate of SUD by young adulthood.
在一项对10至12岁到22岁男孩的纵向研究中，识别出了导致物质使用障碍（SUD）的三种轨迹类型。在基线时测量了神经行为抑制、父母的物质使用障碍、社会经济地位以及与不良同伴的交往情况。在10至12岁、12至14岁、16岁和19岁时测量了对社会非规范行为的认可程度。确定了两条高风险轨迹，一条表现为青春期对反社会行为的认可增加和渐进性社会适应不良（物质使用障碍发生率 = 72.7%），另一条表现为持续的高水平困扰（物质使用障碍发生率 = 85%）。个体特征（神经行为抑制）与背景因素（低社会经济地位、父母的物质使用障碍、与不良朋友的交往）共同促使青春期对反社会行为的认可增加，并导致青年期物质使用障碍的高发生率。
