Department of Education and Human Development.
Department of Psychology.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2020 Jul;119(1):185-203. doi: 10.1037/pspp0000248. Epub 2019 May 9.
Daily diary studies and experience sampling studies examine day-to-day variations in affect using different rating types: The former typically collect retrospective affect reports at the end of the day, whereas the latter collects multiple momentary assessments across the day. The present study examined the convergence of (aggregated) momentary assessments collected repeatedly within a day and retrospective assessments collected at the end of the day. Building on prior research on the memory-experience gap and the peak-and-end rule we predicted that participants would report more intense retrospective affect than aggregated momentary affect, and that retrospective affect would be biased toward the peak and the most recent affect of the day. Based on socioemotional selectivity theory and the strength and vulnerability integration model, age differences in these convergence indicators were expected. Findings from 2 age-heterogeneous ecological momentary assessment/daily diary hybrid studies ( = 242, 25-65 years; and = 175, 20-79 years) revealed (a) a memory-experience gap for negative affect (more intense retrospective ratings than aggregated momentary ratings) that is attenuated with advancing age; (b) only a small memory-experience gap for positive affect for very old adults (66-79 years), but not younger adults; (c) relatively high convergence of aggregated momentary ratings and retrospective ratings despite (d) small biases of retrospective negative affect ratings toward peak and most recent negative affect. Findings suggest that both rating types can discriminate "good days" from "bad days" and provide overlapping but not necessarily exchangeable information. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
前者通常在一天结束时收集回顾性情感报告，而后者则在一天中多次收集瞬间评估。本研究考察了在一天内反复收集的（聚合的）瞬间评估和在一天结束时收集的回顾性评估之间的收敛性。基于先前关于记忆-体验差距和峰值-末端规则的研究，我们预测参与者会报告比聚合的瞬间情感更强烈的回顾性情感，并且回顾性情感会偏向于峰值和当天的最新情感。基于社会情绪选择理论和强度与脆弱性整合模型，预计这些收敛指标会存在年龄差异。两项年龄异质的生态瞬间评估/日常日记混合研究（n = 242，25-65 岁；n = 175，20-79 岁）的结果显示：（a）负性情感的记忆-体验差距（回顾性评分比聚合的瞬间评分更强烈），随着年龄的增长而减弱；（b）非常老的成年人（66-79 岁）只有很小的正性情感记忆-体验差距，但年轻成年人没有；（c）尽管回顾性负性情感评分存在小的偏差，但聚合的瞬间评分和回顾性评分的收敛性较高；（d）负性情感评分偏向峰值和最近的负性情感。研究结果表明，这两种评分类型都可以区分“好天”和“坏天”，并提供重叠但不一定可互换的信息。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2020 APA，保留所有权利）。
