Knechtle B, Knechtle P, Schück R, Andonie J L, Kohler G
St Gallen, Gesundheitszentrum, St Gallen, Switzerland.
Int J Sports Med. 2008 Apr;29(4):343-51. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-965354. Epub 2007 Sep 18.
We investigated energy balance and change of body composition in one athlete in a multistage triathlon, the World Challenge Deca Iron Triathlon 2006, where athletes had to perform one Ironman triathlon of 3.8 km swimming, 180 km cycling and 42.195 km running per day for ten consecutive days. In one well-experienced male ultra-endurance triathlete, we measured body mass, skinfold thicknesses and perimeters of extremities, in order to calculate skeletal muscle mass, fat mass and percentage of body fat. Energy intake was measured by analysis of nutrition, and energy expenditure was calculated using a portable heart rate monitor. This was performed to quantify energy deficit. In addition, bio-impedance measurements were performed to determine fluid metabolism. The athlete finished the race in 128 hours, 22 minutes and 42 seconds in 3rd position. Body mass decreased by 1 kilogram, skeletal muscle mass decreased by 0.9 kilograms and calculated fat mass decreased by 0.8 kilograms. Total body water increased by 2.8 liters. Total energy expenditure for the Deca Iron was 89,112 kilocalories and a total energy deficit of 11,480 kilocalories resulted. We presume that energy deficit was covered by consumption of adipose subcutaneous tissue as well as skeletal muscle mass; the degradation of muscle mass seems to lead to hypoproteinemic edemas.
我们对一名参加2006年世界挑战十项铁人三项赛（一项多阶段铁人三项赛）的运动员的能量平衡和身体成分变化进行了调查，在该项赛事中，运动员必须连续十天每天完成一场包含3.8公里游泳、180公里自行车骑行和42.195公里跑步的铁人三项赛。在一名经验丰富的男性超长耐力铁人三项运动员身上，我们测量了体重、皮褶厚度和四肢周长，以计算骨骼肌质量、脂肪量和体脂百分比。通过营养分析测量能量摄入，并使用便携式心率监测器计算能量消耗。这样做是为了量化能量赤字。此外，还进行了生物电阻抗测量以确定液体代谢情况。该运动员以128小时22分42秒的成绩完赛，获得第三名。体重下降了1千克，骨骼肌质量下降了0.9千克，计算得出的脂肪量下降了0.8千克。总体水增加了2.8升。十项铁人三项赛的总能量消耗为89,112千卡，导致总能量赤字为11,480千卡。我们推测能量赤字是由皮下脂肪组织以及骨骼肌质量的消耗来弥补的；肌肉质量的降解似乎导致了低蛋白血症性水肿。
