护士工作时长、强制加班和值班与肌肉骨骼问题的纵向关系。
Longitudinal relationship of work hours, mandatory overtime, and on-call to musculoskeletal problems in nurses.
作者信息
Trinkoff Alison M, Le Rong, Geiger-Brown Jeanne, Lipscomb Jane, Lang Gary
机构信息
Work and Health Research Center, Department of Family and Community Health, University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA.
出版信息
Am J Ind Med. 2006 Nov;49(11):964-71. doi: 10.1002/ajim.20330.
BACKGROUND
Nurses are at very high risk for work-related musculoskeletal injury/disorders (MSD) with low back pain/injury being the most frequently occurring MSD. Nurses are also likely to work extended schedules (long hours, on-call, mandatory overtime, working on days off). The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of extended work schedules in nurses to MSD.
METHODS
Using a longitudinal, three wave survey of 2,617 registered nurses, Wave 1 work schedule data were related to neck, shoulder, and back (MSD) cases occurring in Waves 2 or 3.
RESULTS
Schedule characteristics increasing MSD risk included 13+ hour/days, off-shifts, weekend work, work during time off (while sick, on days off, without breaks), and overtime/on-call. These increases in risk were not explained by psychological demands, but were largely explained by physical demands.
CONCLUSIONS
Adverse schedules are significantly related to nurse MSD. Healthier schedules, less overtime, and reducing work on days off would minimize risk and recovery time.
背景
护士面临与工作相关的肌肉骨骼损伤/疾病（MSD）的风险非常高，其中下背部疼痛/损伤是最常发生的MSD。护士也可能会延长工作时间（长时间、随叫随到、强制加班、在休息日工作）。本研究的目的是探讨护士延长工作时间与MSD之间的关系。
方法
对2617名注册护士进行了纵向三波调查，第一波工作时间数据与第二波或第三波中出现的颈部、肩部和背部（MSD）病例相关。
结果
增加MSD风险的工作安排特征包括每天工作13小时以上、轮班、周末工作、在休息时间工作（生病时、休息日、无休息）以及加班/随叫随到。这些风险的增加并非由心理需求所解释，而是主要由身体需求所解释。
结论
不良的工作安排与护士的MSD显著相关。更健康的工作安排、减少加班以及减少休息日工作将使风险和恢复时间降至最低。
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