Redmond Elizabeth H, Burnett Sarah M, Johnson Mary Ann, Park Sohyun, Fischer Joan G, Johnson Tommy
The University of Georgia, Department of Foods and Nutrition, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
J Nutr Elder. 2006;26(1-2):83-102. doi: 10.1300/J052v26n01_05.
This study examined the effects of a nutrition and diabetes education intervention on improving hemoglobin A1C levels, diabetes self-management activities, and A1C knowledge in congregate meal recipients in senior centers in north Georgia. Participants were a convenience sample and completed a pre-test, an educational intervention, and a post-test (N = 91, mean age = 73 years, 60% Caucasian, and 40% African American). Following the intervention, (1) A1C levels significantly decreased by 0.66 and 1.46% among those with pretest A1C of > 6.5% and > 8%, respectively (P <or= 0.01); (2) compliance significantly increased following a healthful diet, following an eating plan, avoiding high fat foods, spacing carbohydrates, testing blood sugar as recommended by health care provider and inspecting shoes (P <or= 0.05); (3) the number of A1C knowledge questions answered correctly increased from 42% to 65% (P < 0.0001); and (4) decreases in A1C among those with an initial A1C > 6.5% were correlated with increases in physical activity (P <or= 0.05). This nutrition and diabetes intervention improved several aspects of the diabetes self-management activities and A1C knowledge, with concurrent decreases in A1C levels in older adults; however, additional interventions are needed to improve A1C levels, diabetes self-management activities, and A1C awareness in older adults.
本研究考察了营养与糖尿病教育干预对改善佐治亚州北部老年中心集体用餐者糖化血红蛋白（A1C）水平、糖尿病自我管理活动及A1C知识的影响。参与者为便利样本，完成了一项预测试、一次教育干预及一次后测试（N = 91，平均年龄 = 73岁，60%为白种人，40%为非裔美国人）。干预后，（1）预测试A1C>6.5%及>8%的参与者中，A1C水平分别显著下降了0.66%和1.46%（P≤0.01）；（2）在遵循健康饮食、执行饮食计划、避免高脂肪食物、合理分配碳水化合物、按医护人员建议检测血糖及检查鞋子方面，依从性显著提高（P≤0.05）；（3）正确回答的A1C知识问题数量从42%增至65%（P < 0.0001）；（4）初始A1C>6.5%的参与者中，A1C水平的下降与身体活动的增加相关（P≤0.05）。这种营养与糖尿病干预改善了糖尿病自我管理活动及A1C知识的多个方面，同时老年参与者的A1C水平有所下降；然而，还需要额外的干预措施来提高老年人群的A1C水平、糖尿病自我管理活动及A1C知晓率。
