Saddi Manuela, Sanna Adriana, Cottiglia Filippo, Chisu Lorenza, Casu Laura, Bonsignore Leonardo, De Logu Alessandro
Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Sezione di Microbiologia Medica, Viale Sant'Ignazio 38, 09123 Cagliari, Italy.
Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2007 Sep 26;6:10. doi: 10.1186/1476-0711-6-10.
New prophylactic and therapeutic tools are needed for the treatment of herpes simplex virus infections. Several essential oils have shown to possess antiviral activity in vitro against a wide spectrum of viruses.
The present study was assess to investigate the activities of the essential oil obtained from leaves of Artemisia arborescens against HSV-1 and HSV-2
The cytotoxicity in Vero cells was evaluated by the MTT reduction method. The IC50 values were determined by plaque reduction assay. In order to characterize the mechanism of action, yield reduction assay, inhibition of plaque development assay, attachment assay, penetration assay and post-attachment virus neutralization assay were also performed.
The IC50 values, determined by plaque reduction assay, were 2.4 and 4.1 microg/ml for HSV-1 and HSV-2, respectively, while the cytotoxicity assay against Vero cells, as determined by the MTT reduction method, showed a CC50 value of 132 mug/ml, indicating a CC50/IC50 ratio of 55 for HSV-1 and 32.2 for HSV-2. The antiviral activity of A. arborescens essential oil is principally due to direct virucidal effects. A poor activity determined by yield reduction assay was observed against HSV-1 at higher concentrations when added to cultures of infected cells. No inhibition was observed by attachment assay, penetration assay and post-attachment virus neutralization assay. Furthermore, inhibition of plaque development assay showed that A. arborescens essential oil inhibits the lateral diffusion of both HSV-1 and HSV-2.
This study demonstrates the antiviral activity of the essential oil in toto obtained from A. arborescens against HSV-1 and HSV-2. The mode of action of the essential oil as antiherpesvirus agent seems to be particularly interesting in consideration of its ability to inactivate the virus and to inhibit the cell-to-cell virus diffusion.
治疗单纯疱疹病毒感染需要新的预防和治疗工具。几种精油已显示在体外对多种病毒具有抗病毒活性。
本研究旨在评估从树蒿（Artemisia arborescens）叶中提取的精油对单纯疱疹病毒1型（HSV-1）和单纯疱疹病毒2型（HSV-2）的活性。
采用MTT比色法评估精油对非洲绿猴肾（Vero）细胞的细胞毒性。通过蚀斑减少试验测定半数抑制浓度（IC50）值。为了表征其作用机制，还进行了产量减少试验、蚀斑形成抑制试验、吸附试验、渗透试验和吸附后病毒中和试验。
通过蚀斑减少试验测定，HSV-1和HSV-2的IC50值分别为2.4和4.1微克/毫升，而采用MTT比色法测定的精油对Vero细胞的细胞毒性试验显示半数细胞毒性浓度（CC50）值为132微克/毫升，表明HSV-1的CC50/IC50比值为55，HSV-2的该比值为32.2。树蒿精油的抗病毒活性主要归因于直接杀病毒作用。当在感染细胞培养物中加入较高浓度的树蒿精油时，产量减少试验显示其对HSV-1的活性较差。吸附试验、渗透试验和吸附后病毒中和试验均未观察到抑制作用。此外，蚀斑形成抑制试验表明，树蒿精油可抑制HSV-1和HSV-2的侧向扩散。
本研究证明了从树蒿中提取的全精油对HSV-1和HSV-2具有抗病毒活性。考虑到该精油使病毒失活并抑制细胞间病毒扩散的能力，其作为抗疱疹病毒剂的作用方式似乎特别有趣。
