Mahoney Lisa B, Lightdale Jenifer R
Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol. 2007 Oct;10(5):412-21. doi: 10.1007/s11938-007-0041-z.
There remains no ideal sedative for pediatric and adolescent patients undergoing gastrointestinal procedures. Instead, pediatric gastroenterologists must consider many factors, including patient age, medical history, clinical status, anxiety level, as well as targeted sedation level, to select the appropriate methods and agents to achieve optimal sedation for endoscopy. The two primary types of sedation are endoscopist-administered intravenous (IV) sedation and anesthesiologist-administered general anesthesia. If IV sedation is used, pediatric endoscopists must be prepared for children to become agitated, adding to stress for both patients and clinical staff. General anesthesia provides the advantage of complete patient immobility but also entails increased costs and utilization of hospital resources. Technical advances in electronic monitoring, both in the pediatric endoscopy suite and operating room settings, are contributing to increased patient safety. Nevertheless, sedation-related events, independent of type of sedation or regimen, represent the most common complications of pediatric endoscopy.
对于接受胃肠道手术的儿童和青少年患者，目前仍没有理想的镇静剂。相反，儿科胃肠病学家必须考虑许多因素，包括患者年龄、病史、临床状况、焦虑程度以及目标镇静水平，以选择合适的方法和药物，在内镜检查中实现最佳镇静效果。两种主要的镇静类型是内镜医师实施的静脉镇静和麻醉医师实施的全身麻醉。如果使用静脉镇静，儿科内镜医师必须做好应对儿童烦躁不安的准备，这会给患者和临床工作人员都带来压力。全身麻醉具有使患者完全不动的优势，但也会增加成本和医院资源的使用。儿科内镜检查室和手术室环境中电子监测技术的进步有助于提高患者安全性。然而，与镇静相关的事件，无论镇静类型或方案如何，都是儿科内镜检查最常见的并发症。
