Trowbridge Matthew J, McKay Mary Pat, Maio Ronald F
Injury Research Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Acad Emerg Med. 2007 Oct;14(10):850-5. doi: 10.1197/j.aem.2007.06.038.
To compare national fatality rates for teen drivers by vehicle type.
Fatality rates were calculated for 16- to 19-year-old drivers by vehicle type using data from the Fatal Analysis Reporting System (1999-2003) and estimates of miles driven from the National Household Transportation Survey (2001). Relative fatality risks for teen drivers of sports utility vehicles (SUVs) and pickups were calculated using passenger cars as a reference.
Per vehicle mile driven, the fatality risk for both male and female teens driving SUVs was decreased relative to passenger car drivers (male teens: relative risk [RR], 0.33 [95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.29 to 0.37]; female teens: RR, 0.45 [95% CI = 0.34 to 0.59]). Fatality rates for male teens driving pickups were also lower per mile driven compared with male passenger car drivers (RR, 0.55 [95% CI = 0.51 to 0.60]). Fatality rates for female teens driving pickups and passenger cars were not statistically different but appear potentially higher for pickups (RR, 1.19 [95% CI = 0.98 to 1.44]). Both SUVs and pickups demonstrated significantly higher rates of fatal rollovers than passenger cars. Female adolescent drivers of SUVs and pickups were at particularly high risk for fatal rollovers per vehicle mile driven compared with passenger cars (SUV: RR, 1.88 [95% CI = 1.19 to 2.96]; pickup: RR, 3.42 [95% CI = 2.29 to 5.10]).
Fatality rates for teen drivers vary significantly by vehicle type. From 1999 to 2003 in the United States, fatal rollovers were significantly more likely per mile driven for teen drivers of both SUVs and pickups compared with passenger cars. However, overall fatality rates (i.e., all crash types) for teen drivers of SUVs and male drivers of pickups were lower per mile driven than for teen drivers of passenger cars. The results of this ecological analysis cannot predict the individual-level fatality risk for teens driving different vehicle types. However, the significant variability in fatality rates among SUVs, pickups, and passenger cars seen at a population level suggests that vehicle choice should be further explored as a potentially modifiable risk factor in interventions to address teen driver safety.
比较不同车型的青少年驾驶员的全国死亡率。
利用来自致命事故分析报告系统（1999 - 2003年）的数据以及来自全国家庭交通调查（2001年）的行驶里程估计值，计算16至19岁驾驶员按车型划分的死亡率。以乘用车作为参照，计算运动型多用途汽车（SUV）和皮卡的青少年驾驶员的相对死亡风险。
按每行驶里程计算，驾驶SUV的青少年男性和女性的死亡风险相对于乘用车驾驶员均有所降低（青少年男性：相对风险[RR]，0.33[95%置信区间[CI]=0.29至0.37]；青少年女性：RR，0.45[95%CI = 0.34至0.59]）。与驾驶乘用车的男性青少年相比，驾驶皮卡的男性青少年每英里行驶里程的死亡率也较低（RR，0.55[95%CI = 0.51至0.60]）。驾驶皮卡和乘用车的女性青少年的死亡率无统计学差异，但皮卡的死亡率似乎可能更高（RR，1.19[95%CI = 0.98至1.44]）。SUV和皮卡的致命翻车率均显著高于乘用车。与乘用车相比，驾驶SUV和皮卡的女性青少年驾驶员每行驶里程的致命翻车风险特别高（SUV：RR，1.88[95%CI = 1.19至2.96]；皮卡：RR，3.42[95%CI = 2.29至5.10]）。
青少年驾驶员的死亡率因车型而异。在美国，1999年至2003年期间，与乘用车相比，驾驶SUV和皮卡的青少年驾驶员每行驶里程发生致命翻车的可能性显著更高。然而，SUV的青少年驾驶员和皮卡的男性驾驶员每行驶里程的总体死亡率（即所有碰撞类型）低于乘用车的青少年驾驶员。这项生态学分析的结果无法预测驾驶不同车型的青少年的个体死亡风险。然而，在人群层面上，SUV、皮卡和乘用车之间死亡率的显著差异表明，在解决青少年驾驶员安全问题的干预措施中，应进一步探讨车辆选择作为一个潜在的可改变风险因素。
