Shope Jean T, Bingham C Raymond
University of Michigan, Transportation Research Institute, and School of Public Health, 2901 Baxter Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Am J Prev Med. 2008 Sep;35(3 Suppl):S261-71. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.06.022.
The motor-vehicle crash risk of novice teen drivers is unacceptably high. This article examines the historical trends in fatal crash rates for male and female teen drivers as compared to adult drivers by both population and person-miles driven. The effect of motor-vehicle policies on teen driver crashes, characteristics of teen driver crashes, and combinations of these crash characteristics are also examined. A framework of seven categories of influences on teen driving behavior is presented, including the following elements: driving ability, developmental factors, behavioral factors, personality factors, demographics, the perceived environment, and the driving environment. Because a complex set of different factors influence teen drivers' behavior, comprehensive, multilevel interventions are needed to reduce teen drivers' exposure to high-risk driving conditions and to address factors identified in the framework.
青少年新手驾驶员发生机动车碰撞事故的风险高得令人无法接受。本文通过人口数量和行驶里程数，研究了与成年驾驶员相比，男性和女性青少年驾驶员致命撞车率的历史趋势。还研究了机动车政策对青少年驾驶员撞车事故的影响、青少年驾驶员撞车事故的特征以及这些撞车特征的组合。本文提出了一个影响青少年驾驶行为的七类因素框架，包括以下要素：驾驶能力、发育因素、行为因素、性格因素、人口统计学、感知环境和驾驶环境。由于一系列复杂的不同因素会影响青少年驾驶员的行为，因此需要采取全面、多层次的干预措施，以减少青少年驾驶员暴露于高风险驾驶环境的情况，并应对该框架中确定的因素。
