Perfect Timothy J, Wagstaff Graham F, Moore Dawn, Andrews Blake, Cleveland Victoria, Newcombe Sarah, Brisbane Kelly-Ann, Brown Leanne
School of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, UK.
Law Hum Behav. 2008 Aug;32(4):314-24. doi: 10.1007/s10979-007-9109-5. Epub 2007 Sep 25.
Five experiments tested the idea that instructing a witness to close their eyes during retrieval might increase retrieval success. In Experiment 1 participants watched a video, before a cued-recall test for which they were either instructed to close their eyes, or received no-instructions. Eye-closure led to an increase in correct cued-recall, with no increase in incorrect responses. Experiments 2-5 sought to test the generality of this effect over variations in study material (video or live interaction), test format (cued- or free-recall) and information modality (visual or auditory details recalled). Overall, eye-closure increased recall of both visual detail and auditory details, with no accompanying increase in recall of false details. Collectively, these data convincingly demonstrate the benefits of eye-closure as an aid to retrieval, and offer insight into why hypnosis, which usually involves eye-closure, may facilitate eyewitness recall.
五项实验对“指示证人在回忆过程中闭上眼睛可能会提高回忆成功率”这一观点进行了测试。在实验1中，参与者观看一段视频，之后进行线索回忆测试，在此过程中，他们要么被指示闭上眼睛，要么没有收到此类指示。闭上眼睛会使正确的线索回忆增加，错误回答则没有增加。实验2至5试图测试这种效应在不同学习材料（视频或现场互动）、测试形式（线索回忆或自由回忆）和信息模态（回忆视觉或听觉细节）中的普遍性。总体而言，闭上眼睛增加了对视觉细节和听觉细节的回忆，同时错误细节的回忆没有相应增加。总体而言，这些数据令人信服地证明了闭上眼睛作为回忆辅助手段的益处，并深入探讨了通常涉及闭上眼睛的催眠为何可能有助于目击者回忆。
