Marchant Angela, Bhattacharya Abhik, Carnes Molly
Center for Women's Health Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, USA.
J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2007 Sep;16(7):998-1003. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2007.0348.
Women are not advancing to leadership positions in academic medicine at rates predicted by their representation in medical school over the past 20 years. The prejudice persists, often as an unconscious mental model, that leaders should be men. We examined whether the presence of the word "leader" in written tenure criteria may have a differential impact on promotion of men and women in elite medical schools.
We used a retrospective, descriptive design to study 24 academic medical centers top-ranked in both NIH funding and Carnegie classification. The main outcome measure was the slope of regression fit to 7-year annual data on percent faculty who are tenured women (1998-2004) relative to the median slope of all 24 institutions.
Medical schools with the word "leader" in tenure criteria were more likely to have slopes below the median slope than schools without the word "leader" (OR = 6.0; CI = 1.02, 35.37; p = 0.04).
Being a leader is associated with stereotypic male-gendered traits. Achieving tenure is a key gatekeeping point in advancement toward leadership in academic medicine. Our findings suggest that including the word "leader" in tenure criteria may promote activation and application of biases that disadvantage women's career advancement.
在过去20年里，女性在学术医学领域担任领导职务的晋升速度未达到她们在医学院中的占比所预测的水平。领导者应该是男性这种偏见仍然存在，且往往是一种无意识的思维模式。我们研究了在书面任期标准中出现“领导者”一词是否可能对精英医学院中男性和女性的晋升产生不同影响。
我们采用回顾性描述性设计，对在国立卫生研究院（NIH）资金和卡内基分类中均排名靠前的24个学术医学中心进行研究。主要结局指标是相对于所有24个机构的中位数斜率，对1998 - 2004年获得终身教职的女性教员百分比的7年年度数据进行回归拟合的斜率。
任期标准中有“领导者”一词的医学院，其斜率低于中位数斜率的可能性比没有该词的医学院更高（比值比 = 6.0；可信区间 = 1.02, 35.37；p = 0.04）。
成为领导者与刻板的男性特质相关。获得终身教职是在学术医学领域迈向领导地位的关键把关点。我们的研究结果表明，在任期标准中包含“领导者”一词可能会促使不利于女性职业发展的偏见被激活和应用。
