Tan Lydia, Ward Geoff
Department of Psychology, City University, London, England.
Mem Cognit. 2007 Jul;35(5):1093-106. doi: 10.3758/bf03193481.
In two experiments, we examined the effect of output order in immediate serial recall (ISR). In Experiment 1, three groups of participants saw lists of eight words and wrote down the words in the rows corresponding to their serial positions in an eight-row response grid. One group was precued to respond in forward order, a second group was precued to respond in any order, and a third group was postcued for response order. There were significant effects of output order, but not of cue type. Relative to the forward output order, the free output order led to enhanced recency and diminished primacy, with superior performance for words output early in recall. These results were replicated in Experiment 2 using six-item lists, which further suggests that output order plays an important role in the primacy effect in ISR and that the recency items are most highly accessible at recall.
在两项实验中，我们考察了即时系列回忆（ISR）中输出顺序的影响。在实验1中，三组参与者观看了包含八个单词的列表，并在一个八行的反应网格中，将单词写在与它们的序列位置相对应的行中。一组预先得到提示按顺序向前反应，第二组预先得到提示可按任意顺序反应，第三组则在反应后得到提示关于反应顺序。存在输出顺序的显著影响，但提示类型不产生显著影响。相对于向前输出顺序，自由输出顺序导致近因增强和首因减弱，对于回忆早期输出的单词表现更优。这些结果在实验2中使用六项列表得到了重复，这进一步表明输出顺序在即时系列回忆的首因效应中起重要作用，并且近因项在回忆时最容易被提取。
