Nairne James S, Ceo David A, Reysen Matthew B
Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2081, USA.
Mem Cognit. 2007 Jan;35(1):191-9. doi: 10.3758/bf03195954.
In three experiments, we investigated the mnemonic effects of an initial recall on later recall in an immediate memory setting. Recall is generally assumed to interfere with the recall of subsequent items (output interference), but previous experiments have failed to control for the confounding effects of time. In the experiments reported here, the passage of time was held constant on all trials; what varied was whether an additional item was recalled (or simply presented) during the retention interval. The results revealed clear evidence of recall's mnemonic effects, but output interference seemed strongest when the initial recall was of an item that followed the target item in the memory list. When participants initially recalled an item immediately preceding the target, target recall improved. This pattern of results places constraints on current models of immediate retention.
在三项实验中，我们研究了在即时记忆环境中，初始回忆对后续回忆的记忆效果。一般认为回忆会干扰后续项目的回忆（输出干扰），但之前的实验未能控制时间的混杂效应。在此报告的实验中，所有试验的时间流逝保持恒定；变化的是在保持间隔期间是否额外回忆（或只是呈现）了一个项目。结果揭示了回忆记忆效果的明确证据，但当初始回忆的是记忆列表中跟随目标项目的一个项目时，输出干扰似乎最强。当参与者最初回忆紧接在目标之前的一个项目时，目标回忆得到改善。这种结果模式对当前的即时保持模型施加了限制。
