Aliasgari M A, Kaviani A, Gachkar L, Hosseini-Nassab S R
Department of Urology, Shaheed Modarress Hospital, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Urol J. 2004 Fall;1(4):253-5.
Many environmental and occupational risk factors have been proposed for bladder cancer, among which opium consumption has been considered in few studies. We designed a study to determine the relationship between opium consumption and bladder cancer.
In a retrospective, case-control study, male patients with bladder cancer, who had been referred to our hospital in a three-year period, were selected. Data regarding age, gender, smoking, and opium consumption were collected from patients' records and compared with data of a control group, consisting of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
Fifty-two male patients with bladder tumor (group 1) were compared with 108 patients with BPH (group 2). Of the patients with bladder cancer, 36 (68%) were smokers, of whom 12 were also opium addicts. In general, 13 (25.5%) patients were opium consumers (one opium consumer was not smoker). From 108 patients with BPH, 25 (23%) were smokers, of whom, 5 were also opium addicts. Mean duration of cigarette smoking was 31 +/- 13.6 and 20.2 +/- 14.7 years in patients with bladder cancer and BPH, respectively. The duration of opium consumption was 11.9 +/- 1.4 and 6.2 +/- 1.3 years in groups 1 and 2, respectively. The duration of cigarette smoking and opium consumption in group 1 was greater than that in group 2. In addition, smoking increases the risk of bladder cancer 3.8-fold (OR = 8.3, 95% CI = 1.8-7.8). Simultaneous cigarette smoking and opium consumption increases the risk of bladder cancer 6.2-fold (OR = 6.2, 95% CI = 2.04-18.7).
There are few studies regarding the carcinogenic effect of opium on bladder. We demonstrated that, the incidence of bladder cancer in smokers, who are simultaneously opium consumers, was higher than in patients who were only smokers. Simultaneous opium addiction and cigarette smoking may have some roles in the pathogenesis of bladder tumor. However, further studies with large sample sizes are warranted.
已提出许多环境和职业风险因素与膀胱癌有关，其中鸦片消费在少数研究中被提及。我们设计了一项研究以确定鸦片消费与膀胱癌之间的关系。
在一项回顾性病例对照研究中，选取了三年内转诊至我院的男性膀胱癌患者。从患者记录中收集有关年龄、性别、吸烟和鸦片消费的数据，并与由良性前列腺增生（BPH）患者组成的对照组数据进行比较。
52例男性膀胱肿瘤患者（第1组）与108例BPH患者（第2组）进行了比较。在膀胱癌患者中，36例（68%）为吸烟者，其中12例也是鸦片成瘾者。总体而言，13例（25.5%）患者吸食鸦片（1例鸦片消费者不吸烟）。108例BPH患者中，25例（23%）为吸烟者，其中5例也是鸦片成瘾者。膀胱癌患者和BPH患者的平均吸烟时长分别为31±13.6年和20.2±14.7年。第1组和第2组的鸦片消费时长分别为11.9±1.4年和6.2±1.3年。第1组的吸烟和鸦片消费时长均长于第第2组。此外，吸烟使膀胱癌风险增加3.8倍（OR = 8.3，95%CI = 1.8 - 7.8）。同时吸烟和吸食鸦片使膀胱癌风险增加6.2倍（OR = 6.2，95%CI = 2.04 - 18.7）。
关于鸦片对膀胱致癌作用的研究较少。我们证明，同时吸食鸦片的吸烟者中膀胱癌的发病率高于仅吸烟的患者。同时鸦片成瘾和吸烟可能在膀胱肿瘤的发病机制中起一定作用。然而，需要进一步进行大样本研究。
