Physiology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
BMC Cancer. 2020 Aug 26;20(1):807. doi: 10.1186/s12885-020-07296-0.
In recent years, lung cancer (LC) incidence has increased in Iran. The use of opium and its derivatives (O&D) has increased as well. This study aimed to investigate the association between the use of O&D and LC incidence.
In this case-control study conducted in Kerman, Iran; 140 patients with lung cancer and 280 healthy controls matched by age, sex, and place of residence were included. Data, including O&D use, cigarette smoking, alcohol use, and diet, were collected using a structured questionnaire. The relation between the use of O&D and LC was evaluated using conditional logistic regression adjusted for tobacco smoking, education, daily intake of fruit, vegetables, red meat, and hydrogenated fats.
Opium ever-use was associated with an increased risk of LC (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) =5.95, 95% CI: 1.87-18.92). Participants were divided into low and high use groups based on the median of opium use in the control group. A significant dose-response relation was observed between the amount of daily O&D use and LC; and the relation was stronger in high users (AOR = 3.81% CI: 1.13-12.77 and OR = 9.36, 95% CI: 2.05-42.72). Also, LC was higher among participants starting the use of O&D at younger ages (≤ 41 years old vs never users AOR = 8.64, 95% CI: 1.90-39.18) compared to those who started at an older age (> 41 years old vs never users, AOR = 4.71, 95% CI: 1.38-16.08). The association between opium, and lung cancer among non-smokers was OR: 6.50 (95% CI: 2.89 to 14.64).
The results of this study show that opium use is probably a dose related risk factor for lung cancer.
近年来，伊朗肺癌（LC）的发病率有所上升。同时，鸦片及其衍生物（O&D）的使用也有所增加。本研究旨在探讨 O&D 使用与 LC 发病率之间的关系。
本病例对照研究在伊朗克尔曼进行；纳入了 140 例肺癌患者和 280 例年龄、性别和居住地相匹配的健康对照者。使用结构化问卷收集包括 O&D 使用、吸烟、饮酒和饮食在内的数据。使用条件逻辑回归调整烟草使用、教育程度、水果、蔬菜、红肉和氢化脂肪的每日摄入量，评估 O&D 使用与 LC 之间的关系。
曾使用鸦片与 LC 风险增加相关（调整后的优势比（AOR）=5.95，95%CI：1.87-18.92）。根据对照组中鸦片使用的中位数，将参与者分为低用量组和高用量组。观察到每日 O&D 使用量与 LC 之间存在显著的剂量反应关系，且高用量组的关系更强（AOR=3.81%CI：1.13-12.77和 OR=9.36，95%CI：2.05-42.72）。此外，与从不使用者相比，年龄较小（≤41 岁）开始使用 O&D 的参与者 LC 发生率更高（AOR=8.64，95%CI：1.90-39.18），而年龄较大（>41 岁）开始使用 O&D 的参与者 LC 发生率较低（AOR=4.71，95%CI：1.38-16.08）。非吸烟者中，鸦片与肺癌之间的关联为 OR：6.50（95%CI：2.89 至 14.64）。
本研究结果表明，鸦片使用可能是一个与剂量相关的肺癌危险因素。
