西班牙东北部心血管危险因素流行趋势（1995 - 2000 - 2005年）
Trends in cardiovascular risk factor prevalence (1995-2000-2005) in northeastern Spain.
作者信息
Grau María, Subirana Isaac, Elosua Roberto, Solanas Pascual, Ramos Rafel, Masiá Rafel, Cordón Ferran, Sala Joan, Juvinyà Dolors, Cerezo Carlos, Fitó Montserrat, Vila Joan, Covas Maria Isabel, Marrugat Jaume
机构信息
Lipids and Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Municipal Institute for Medical Research (IMIM), Carrer Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona, Spain.
出版信息
Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2007 Oct;14(5):653-9. doi: 10.1097/HJR.0b013e3281764429.
BACKGROUND
High prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors has been observed in Spain along with low incidence of acute myocardial infarction. Our objective was to determine the trends of cardiovascular risk factor prevalence between 1995 and 2005 in the 35-74-year-old population of Gerona, Spain.
DESIGN
Comparison of cross-sectional studies were conducted in random population samples in 1995, 2000, and 2005 at Gerona, Spain.
METHODS
An electrocardiogram was obtained, along with standardized measurements of body mass index, lipid profile, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, glycaemia, energy expenditure in physical activity, smoking, use of lipid-lowering and antihypertensive medications, and cardiovascular risk. Prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, and obesity was calculated and standardized for age.
RESULTS
A total of 7571 individuals (52.0% women) were included (response rate 72%). Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol >3.4 mmol/l (130 mg/dl) (49.7%) and hypertension (39.1%) were the most prevalent cardiovascular risk factors. In 1995, 2000 and 2005, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased in both men and women: 4.05-3.91-3.55 mmol/l (156-151-137 mg/dl) and 3.84-3.81-3.40 mmol/l (148-147-131 mg/dl), respectively. Increases were observed in lipid-lowering drug use (5.7-6.3-9.6% in men and 4.0-5.8-8.0% in women), controlled hypertension (14.8-35.4-37.7% in men and 21.3-36.9-45.0% in women); (all P-trends <0.01), and obesity (greatest for men: 17.5-26.0-22.7%, P-trends=0.020). Prevalence of myocardial infarction or possibly abnormal Q waves in electrocardiogram also increased significantly (3.9-4.7-6.4%, P-trends=0.018).
CONCLUSIONS
The cardiovascular risk factor prevalence change in Gerona was marked in this decade by a shift of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol distributions to the left, independent of the increase in lipid-lowering drug use, and better hypertension control with increased use of antihypertensive drugs.
背景
在西班牙，心血管危险因素的高患病率与急性心肌梗死的低发病率并存。我们的目标是确定1995年至2005年期间西班牙赫罗纳35至74岁人群中心血管危险因素患病率的趋势。
设计
对1995年、2000年和2005年西班牙赫罗纳随机人群样本进行横断面研究比较。
方法
获取心电图，同时进行体重指数、血脂谱、收缩压和舒张压、血糖、体力活动能量消耗、吸烟、降脂和降压药物使用情况以及心血管风险的标准化测量。计算糖尿病、高血压和肥胖症的患病率并按年龄进行标准化。
结果
共纳入7571人（女性占52.0%）（应答率72%）。低密度脂蛋白胆固醇>3.4 mmol/l（130 mg/dl）（49.7%）和高血压（39.1%）是最常见的心血管危险因素。1995年、2000年和2005年，男性和女性的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇均下降：分别为4.05 - 3.91 - 3.55 mmol/l（156 - 151 - 137 mg/dl）和3.84 - 3.81 - 3.40 mmol/l（148 - 147 - 131 mg/dl）。降脂药物使用增加（男性为5.7 - 6.3 - 9.6%，女性为4.0 - 5.8 - 8.0%），高血压得到控制（男性为14.8 - 35.4 - 37.7%，女性为21.3 - 36.9 - 45.0%）；（所有P趋势<0.01），肥胖症增加（男性最为明显：17.5 - 26.0 - 22.7%，P趋势 = 0.020）。心肌梗死患病率或心电图中可能异常的Q波也显著增加（3.9 - 4.7 - 6.4%，P趋势 = 0.018）。
结论
在这十年中，赫罗纳心血管危险因素患病率的变化显著，总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇分布向左偏移，这与降脂药物使用增加无关，且随着降压药物使用增加，高血压控制情况有所改善。
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