Heinemann L A, Garbe E, Classen E, Willich S N, Barth W, Thiel C
Zentrum für Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsforschung, Berlin.
Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 1998 Jul 24;123(30):889-95. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-1024094.
To demonstrate trends in cardiovascular risk factors in the population of former East Germany.
As part of the international World Health Organisation's MONICA project ("MONItoring of Trends and Determinants of CArdiovascular Disease"), cross-sectional studies of independent random samples were undertaken, during three periods between 1982 and 1994, among the 24-64 year age groups in the population of East Germany. Those examined were 8470 (1982-1984), 9533 (1987-1989) and 2330 (1991-1994) men and women aged 25-64 years living in 17 regions (until 1989) and three regions (since 1991), respectively. Each person had standardized blood pressure measurements, His/her weight and height were measured, a blood sample was taken, and each was given a standardized interview by trained personnel.
The prevalence of hypertension, ca. 30% overall, was relatively high. There was, however, a tendency over time towards a reduced prevalence among the women, from 29% to 25% (P < 0.05). The proportion of effectively treated hypertensives was clearly too low: 12-14% among men, 20-25% among women. There was a slightly downward trend in the frequency of hypercholesterolaemia (> 6.7 mmol/l), but it was statistically significant only for women. The proportion of markedly overweight persons (body mass index > or = 30) was not significantly reduced. The frequency of regular smokers decreased among men from 41% to 35% (P < 0.05), while among women (especially those in the younger age groups) there was a slight increase.
Despite the known importance of risk factors, their prevalence was not significantly changed in East Germany over a period about 10 years. More effort and population-related primary prevention of coronary heart disease will thus be required, particularly in view of the risk factors cigarette smoking and hypertension.
展现前东德人群心血管危险因素的变化趋势。
作为国际世界卫生组织MONICA项目（“心血管疾病趋势和决定因素监测”）的一部分，于1982年至1994年期间的三个阶段，对东德24至64岁年龄组人群进行独立随机样本的横断面研究。接受检查的分别是居住在17个地区（至1989年）和3个地区（自1991年起）的8470名（1982 - 1984年）、9533名（1987 - 1989年）以及2330名（1991 - 1994年）25至64岁的男性和女性。每个人都接受标准化血压测量，测量其体重和身高，采集血样，并由经过培训的人员进行标准化访谈。
高血压患病率总体约为30%，相对较高。然而，随着时间推移，女性患病率有下降趋势，从29%降至25%（P < 0.05）。有效治疗的高血压患者比例明显过低：男性为12 - 14%，女性为20 - 25%。高胆固醇血症（> 6.7 mmol/l）的频率有轻微下降趋势，但仅对女性具有统计学意义。明显超重者（体重指数≥30）的比例未显著降低。男性中经常吸烟者的频率从41%降至35%（P < 0.05），而女性（尤其是较年轻年龄组）中有轻微增加。
尽管已知危险因素很重要，但在约10年时间里，东德这些危险因素患病率并未显著改变。因此，需要做出更多努力并开展与人群相关的冠心病一级预防，尤其是考虑到吸烟和高血压这些危险因素。
