Zuurbier Moniek, Lundqvist Christofer, Salines Georges, Stansfeld Stephen, Hanke Wojciech, Babisch Wolfgang, Bistrup Marie Louise, van den Hazel Peter, Moshammer Hanns
Public Health Services Gelderland Midden, Arnhem, The Netherlands.
Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2007;20(3):291-307. doi: 10.2478/v10001-007-0022-4.
To evaluate existing research on the environmental health of children and provide a prioritised list of risk factors and policy recommendations for action, the Policy Interpretation Network on Children's Health and Environment (PINCHE) was set up within EU FP5 (QLK4-2002-02395). The project focused on air pollutants, carcinogens, neurotoxicants and noise. PINCHE was a multidisciplinary and multinational network of representatives from science, industry, NGOs, and consumer and patient organisations in Europe.
A literature search was performed using the Pubmed, Embase and Toxline databases. The quality of the gathered articles was assessed and their information and relevance was interpreted within a systematic framework. Information related to exposure, epidemiology, and toxicology was analysed separately and then a risk evaluation of particular environmental factors was made. Socioeconomic factors were specifically taken into account. The results were compiled, and considering the present regulatory situation, policy recommendations for action were made. Finally, the risk factors and policy recommendations were prioritised through a process of discussion between all the partners.
PINCHE concluded that outdoor air pollutants (especially traffic-related), environmental tobacco smoke, allergens, and mercury were high priorities with an urgent need for action. Brominated flame retardants, lead, PCBs and dioxins, ionising and solar radiation, and some noise sources were classified as being of medium priority. Some toxins were given low priority, based on few exposed children, relatively mild health effects or an improving situation due to past policy measures. We recognise the shortcomings of such a prioritisation and, though some measures are more urgent than others, emphasise that ideally all policy measures should be carried out without delay for all toxins. This priority list must be continuously revised, the precautionary principle should be central to all decisions, and the focus should be on safe exposure levels for children.
为评估现有关于儿童环境健康的研究，并提供一份风险因素优先清单以及行动政策建议，在欧盟第五框架计划（QLK4 - 2002 - 02395）内设立了儿童健康与环境政策解读网络（PINCHE）。该项目聚焦于空气污染物、致癌物、神经毒物和噪声。PINCHE是一个由欧洲科学界、产业界、非政府组织以及消费者和患者组织代表组成的多学科、跨国网络。
使用Pubmed、Embase和Toxline数据库进行文献检索。对收集到的文章质量进行评估，并在系统框架内解读其信息及相关性。分别分析与暴露、流行病学和毒理学相关的信息，然后对特定环境因素进行风险评估。特别考虑了社会经济因素。汇总结果，并结合当前监管情况提出行动政策建议。最后，通过所有合作伙伴之间的讨论过程对风险因素和政策建议进行优先排序。
PINCHE得出结论，室外空气污染物（尤其是与交通相关的）、环境烟草烟雾、过敏原和汞是高度优先事项，迫切需要采取行动。溴化阻燃剂、铅、多氯联苯和二噁英、电离辐射和太阳辐射以及一些噪声源被归类为中等优先事项。一些毒素因受影响儿童数量少、健康影响相对较轻或由于过去的政策措施情况有所改善而被列为低优先事项。我们认识到这种优先排序存在不足，并且尽管有些措施比其他措施更紧迫，但强调理想情况下所有政策措施都应毫不拖延地针对所有毒素实施。这份优先清单必须不断修订，预防原则应成为所有决策的核心，并且应将重点放在儿童的安全暴露水平上。
