White Peter A
School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2007 Aug;14(4):647-52. doi: 10.3758/bf03196815.
When two objects interact they exert equal and opposite forces on each other. According to the causal asymmetry hypothesis, however, when one object has been identified as causal and the other as that in which the effect occurs, the causal object is perceived as exerting greater force on the effect object than the latter is perceived as exerting on the former. An example of this is a stimulus in which one object moves toward another stationary one, and when contact occurs the former stops and the latter moves away. In this situation the initially moving object is identified as causal, so the causal asymmetry hypothesis predicts that more force will be judged to be exerted by the moving object on the stationary one than by the stationary one on the moving one. Participants' judgments consistently supported this hypothesis for a variety of stimuli in which kinematic parameters were varied, even when the initially moving object reversed direction after contact.
当两个物体相互作用时，它们会彼此施加大小相等、方向相反的力。然而，根据因果不对称假说，当一个物体被确定为原因，另一个物体被确定为产生效果的对象时，原因物体被认为对效果物体施加的力大于效果物体被认为对原因物体施加的力。一个例子是这样一个刺激情境：一个物体朝着另一个静止物体移动，当发生接触时，前者停止，后者移开。在这种情况下，最初移动的物体被确定为原因，所以因果不对称假说预测，人们会判断移动物体对静止物体施加的力大于静止物体对移动物体施加的力。参与者的判断始终支持这一假说，即使最初移动的物体在接触后改变了方向，对于各种运动学参数不同的刺激情境都是如此。
