Wuttig Matthias, Yamada Noboru
Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany.
Nat Mater. 2007 Nov;6(11):824-32. doi: 10.1038/nmat2009.
Phase-change materials are some of the most promising materials for data-storage applications. They are already used in rewriteable optical data storage and offer great potential as an emerging non-volatile electronic memory. This review looks at the unique property combination that characterizes phase-change materials. The crystalline state often shows an octahedral-like atomic arrangement, frequently accompanied by pronounced lattice distortions and huge vacancy concentrations. This can be attributed to the chemical bonding in phase-change alloys, which is promoted by p-orbitals. From this insight, phase-change alloys with desired properties can be designed. This is demonstrated for the optical properties of phase-change alloys, in particular the contrast between the amorphous and crystalline states. The origin of the fast crystallization kinetics is also discussed.
相变材料是数据存储应用中最具前景的材料之一。它们已被用于可重写光学数据存储，并作为一种新兴的非易失性电子存储器具有巨大潜力。本文综述了表征相变材料的独特性能组合。晶体状态通常呈现出八面体状的原子排列，常常伴随着明显的晶格畸变和大量的空位浓度。这可归因于相变合金中的化学键合，其由p轨道促进。基于这一认识，可以设计出具有所需性能的相变合金。这在相变合金的光学性能方面得到了证明，特别是非晶态和晶态之间的对比度。还讨论了快速结晶动力学的起源。
