Feskens E J, Bowles C H, Kromhout D
Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection, Bilthoven, Netherlands.
Diabetes Care. 1991 Nov;14(11):935-41. doi: 10.2337/diacare.14.11.935.
To examine the association of fish intake with the subsequent risk of impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes mellitus (glucose intolerance).
In 1971, information about food intake was obtained by the cross-check dietary history method on 175 men and women aged 64-87 yr who were normoglycemic and free of clinical diabetes. During the follow-up period from 1972 to 1975, an oral glucose tolerance test was performed annually, and in 59 of 175 elderly people a diagnosis of glucose intolerance was made at least once.
In 1971, approximately 60% of the subjects usually ate fish, with a mean daily intake of 24.2 g. In fish eaters, the incidence of glucose intolerance was significantly lower compared with nonfish eaters (odds ratio [OR] 0.40, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.21-0.77). With logistic regression analysis, this inverse association could not be explained by taking into account age and sex or possible confounding baseline characteristics, such as the prevalence of myocardial infarction, body mass index, energy intake per kilogram body weight, or intake of carbohydrates (OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.23-0.93). Baseline characteristics of the oral glucose tolerance test and serum triglyceride levels could also not account for this result.
These results suggest that, in an elderly population, the habitual consumption of a small amount of fish may protect against the development of impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes mellitus.
研究鱼类摄入量与随后发生糖耐量受损及糖尿病（葡萄糖不耐受）风险之间的关联。
1971年，采用交叉核对饮食史方法，收集了175名64 - 87岁血糖正常且无临床糖尿病的男性和女性的食物摄入信息。在1972年至1975年的随访期间，每年进行一次口服葡萄糖耐量试验，175名老年人中有59人至少有一次被诊断为葡萄糖不耐受。
1971年，约60%的受试者通常食用鱼类，平均每日摄入量为24.2克。与非鱼类食用者相比，鱼类食用者中葡萄糖不耐受的发生率显著较低（优势比[OR] 0.40，95%置信区间[CI] 0.21 - 0.77）。通过逻辑回归分析，考虑年龄、性别或可能的混杂基线特征，如心肌梗死患病率、体重指数、每千克体重的能量摄入量或碳水化合物摄入量后，这种反向关联无法得到解释（OR 0.47，95% CI 0.23 - 0.93）。口服葡萄糖耐量试验的基线特征和血清甘油三酯水平也无法解释这一结果。
这些结果表明，在老年人群中，习惯性食用少量鱼类可能预防糖耐量受损和糖尿病的发生。
