Yao F, Seed C, Farrugia A, Morgan D, Cordner S, Wood D, Zheng M H
Centre for Orthopaedic Research, School of Surgery and Pathology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
Am J Transplant. 2007 Dec;7(12):2723-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2007.02012.x.
In Australia, there are no current national estimates of the risks of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) or human T-lymphotrophic virus (HTLV) by musculoskeletal tissue transplantation. We determined the prevalence rates of antibodies against HIV (anti-HIV), HCV (anti-HCV) and HTLV (anti-HTLV) and Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) for 12,415 musculoskeletal tissue donors from three major bone tissue banks across Australia for the period 1993-2004. The prevalence (per 100,000 persons) was 64.44 for anti-HIV, 407.13 for HBsAg, 534.63 for anti-HCV and 121.88 for anti-HTLV. The estimated probability of viremia at the time of donation was 1 in 128,000, 1 in 189,000, 1 in 55,000 and 1 in 118,000, respectively. With the addition of nucleic acid amplification testing (NAT), the probability of donor viremia would be reduced to 1 in 315,000 for HIV, 1 in 385,000 for HBV and 1 in 500,000 for HCV. The prevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV and HTLV although low, are higher among musculoskeletal tissue donors than among first-time blood donors. The risks associated with musculoskeletal donation will be reduced with NAT, though further cost analysis is required prior to its implementation.
在澳大利亚，目前尚无关于通过肌肉骨骼组织移植传播人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）、乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）、丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）或人类嗜T淋巴细胞病毒（HTLV）风险的全国性评估。我们测定了1993年至2004年期间来自澳大利亚三大骨组织库的12415名肌肉骨骼组织捐赠者的抗HIV、抗HCV、抗HTLV抗体以及乙型肝炎表面抗原（HBsAg）的流行率。抗HIV的流行率（每10万人）为64.44，HBsAg为407.13，抗HCV为534.63，抗HTLV为121.88。捐赠时病毒血症的估计概率分别为1/128000、1/189000、1/55000和1/118000。加上核酸扩增检测（NAT）后，HIV捐赠者病毒血症的概率将降至1/315000，HBV降至1/385000，HCV降至1/500000。HIV、HBV、HCV和HTLV的流行率虽然较低，但在肌肉骨骼组织捐赠者中高于首次献血者。NAT将降低肌肉骨骼组织捐赠相关的风险，不过在实施之前还需要进一步的成本分析。
