McDonald C, Dapena J
Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University, Bloomington 47405.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1991 Dec;23(12):1382-91.
Twenty-three male and nine female hurdlers were filmed using three-dimensional methods during competition at the 1988 United States Olympic Trials. An entire four-step cycle was analyzed, including the clearances of the men's fifth hurdle and the women's fourth hurdle. The results showed an increase in vertical velocity and a decrease in forward horizontal velocity during the takeoff of the hurdle step. The forward velocity was recovered mainly in the second support phase after the hurdle. The downward motion of the center of mass (c.m.) was not stopped until the second support phase after the hurdle clearance. The peak of the c.m. parabola was almost directly over the hurdle in the men, and 0.30 m before the hurdle in the women. It was shown that the women used a parabola with a larger margin over the top of the hurdle than the men: A lower parabola would shorten the hurdle step, and would require the lengthening of the three interhurdle steps. It would also make the duration of the airborne phase too short, which would not give the legs enough time to prepare for landing after the execution of their motions over the hurdle. Therefore, women should not be coached to imitate the men's hurdle clearance technique.
1988年美国奥运会选拔赛期间，采用三维方法对23名男跨栏运动员和9名女跨栏运动员进行了拍摄。分析了完整的四步周期，包括男子的第五栏和女子的第四栏的过栏动作。结果显示，在跨栏步的起跳阶段，垂直速度增加，向前水平速度降低。向前速度主要在过栏后的第二个支撑阶段恢复。质心（c.m.）的向下运动直到过栏后的第二个支撑阶段才停止。男子质心抛物线的峰值几乎正好在栏架上方，女子则在栏架前0.30米处。结果表明，女子过栏时使用的抛物线在栏架上方的余量比男子大：较低的抛物线会缩短跨栏步，需要延长三步栏间步。这也会使腾空阶段的持续时间过短，导致腿部没有足够时间在完成过栏动作后为落地做好准备。因此，不应指导女子模仿男子的过栏技术。
