Kuenzi Amy J, Morrison Michael L, Madhav Nita K, Mills James N
School of Renewable Natural Resources, Wildlife and Fisheries Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA.
J Wildl Dis. 2007 Oct;43(4):675-83. doi: 10.7589/0090-3558-43.4.675.
We monitored Limestone Canyon hantavirus (LSCV) antibody prevalence, host (brush mouse, Peromyscus boylii) abundance, and environmental variables (temperature and rainfall) in brush mice captured on three trapping webs in southern Arizona for 5 yr. Although seasonal patterns were subtle, we observed large multiyear variation in population abundance and antibody prevalence. Limestone Canyon hantavirus infection in brush mouse populations varied over time with prevalence ranging from 0% to 33%. At all trapping webs, evidence of infection disappeared completely for an extended period (up to 2 yr) and eventually reappeared, suggesting that dispersal may play a role in maintaining infection in brush mouse metapopulations. Weather during the study period was drier and warmer than average and these conditions, especially during spring through fall, may have contributed to low brush mouse population density and the local extinction of LSCV during the second year of the study. Nevertheless, population growth was associated with relatively warm, dry conditions during winter periods and a cool, wet spring and summer period in the fifth year of the study. After prolonged absence, LSCV infection was consistently detected only when brush mouse population abundance reached relatively high levels during that fifth year. Comparison of our results to similar studies suggests that stochastic events resulting in the loss or survival of a few infected mice in low-density host populations may result in local extinction of virus; reestablishment of infection may occur via immigration of infected individuals from adjacent populations, but may be successful only when populations are of sufficient density to support frequent rodent-to-rodent interactions and virus transmission.
我们在亚利桑那州南部的三个诱捕点对刷尾鼠（白足鼠，Peromyscus boylii）进行了为期5年的监测，以了解石灰岩峡谷汉坦病毒（LSCV）抗体流行率、宿主数量以及环境变量（温度和降雨量）。尽管季节性模式不明显，但我们观察到种群数量和抗体流行率存在较大的多年变化。刷尾鼠种群中石灰岩峡谷汉坦病毒感染随时间变化，流行率从0%到33%不等。在所有诱捕点，感染证据在一段较长时间（长达2年）内完全消失，最终又重新出现，这表明扩散可能在维持刷尾鼠集合种群中的感染方面发挥作用。研究期间的天气比平均水平更干燥、更温暖，这些条件，尤其是在春季到秋季期间，可能导致了刷尾鼠种群密度较低以及研究第二年LSCV在当地灭绝。然而，在研究的第五年，种群增长与冬季相对温暖干燥的条件以及凉爽潮湿的春季和夏季有关。在长时间消失后，只有在第五年刷尾鼠种群数量达到相对较高水平时，才持续检测到LSCV感染。将我们的结果与类似研究进行比较表明，随机事件导致低密度宿主种群中少数受感染小鼠的死亡或存活，可能会导致病毒在当地灭绝；感染的重新建立可能通过受感染个体从相邻种群迁入而发生，但只有当种群密度足够高以支持频繁的鼠与鼠之间的相互作用和病毒传播时才可能成功。
