Bonnotte Isabelle
Unité de Recherches sur l'Evolution du Comportement et l'Apprentissage URECA EA 1059, UFR de Psychologie, Université Charles de Gaulle Lille 3, Pont de Bois, BP 60149, 59653, Villeneuve d'Ascq cedex, France.
J Psycholinguist Res. 2008 May;37(3):199-217. doi: 10.1007/s10936-007-9066-7.
The present study examined the general hypothesis that, as for nouns, stable representations of semantic knowledge relative to situations expressed by verbs are available and accessible in long term memory in normal people. Regular associations between verbs and past tenses in French adults allowed to abstract two superordinate semantic features in the representation of verb meaning: durativity and resultativity. A pilot study was designed to select appropriate items according to these features: durative, non-resultative verbs and non-durative, resultative verbs. An experimental study was then conducted to assess semantic priming in French adults with two visual semantic-decision tasks at a 200- and 100-ms SOA. In the durativity decision task, participants had to decide if the target referred to a durable or non-durable situation. In the resultativity decision task, they had to decide if it referred to a situation with a directly observable outcome or without any clear external outcome. Targets were preceded by similar, opposite, and neutral primes. Results showed that semantic priming can tap verb meaning at a 200- and 100-ms SOA, with the restriction that only the positive value of each feature benefited from priming, that is the durative and resultative values. Moreover, processing of durativity and resultativity is far from comparable since facilitation was shown on the former with similar and opposite priming, whereas it was shown on the latter only with similar priming. Overall, these findings support Le Ny's (in: Saint-Dizier, Viegas (eds) Computational lexical semantics, 1995; Cahier de Recherche Linguistique LanDisCo 12:85-100, 1998; Comment l'esprit produit du sens, 2005) general hypothesis that classificatory properties of verbs could be interpreted as semantic features and the view that semantic priming can tap verb meaning, as noun meaning.
本研究检验了一个一般性假设，即对于名词而言，正常人的长期记忆中存在并可获取与动词所表达情境相关的语义知识的稳定表征。法语成年人动词与过去式之间的常规关联使得在动词意义表征中能够抽象出两个上位语义特征：持续性和结果性。一项初步研究旨在根据这些特征选择合适的项目：持续性、非结果性动词以及非持续性、结果性动词。随后进行了一项实验研究，通过两项视觉语义决策任务，在200毫秒和100毫秒的刺激呈现间隔（SOA）下评估法语成年人的语义启动效应。在持续性决策任务中，参与者必须判断目标所指的是持久还是非持久情境。在结果性决策任务中，他们必须判断目标所指的是具有直接可观察结果的情境还是没有任何明确外部结果的情境。目标之前呈现相似、相反和中性的启动刺激。结果表明，语义启动效应能够在200毫秒和100毫秒的SOA下挖掘动词意义，但限制在于每个特征只有正值能从启动效应中受益，即持续性和结果性的值。此外，持续性和结果性的加工远不具有可比性，因为在前者中相似和相反启动刺激都显示出促进作用，而在后者中只有相似启动刺激显示出促进作用。总体而言，这些发现支持了勒尼（见：圣迪齐埃、维加斯（编）《计算词汇语义学》，1995年；《语言与认知实验室研究报告》第12期：85 - 100页，1998年；《思维如何产生意义》，2005年）的一般性假设，即动词的分类属性可被解释为语义特征，以及语义启动效应能够挖掘动词意义（如同挖掘名词意义一样）的观点。
