Plaut D C, Booth J R
Department of Psychology and Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-2683, USA.
Psychol Rev. 2000 Oct;107(4):786-823. doi: 10.1037/0033-295x.107.4.786.
Existing accounts of single-word semantic priming phenomena incorporate multiple mechanisms, such as spreading activation, expectancy-based processes, and postlexical semantic matching. The authors provide empirical and computational support for a single-mechanism distributed network account. Previous studies have found greater semantic priming for low- than for high-frequency target words as well as inhibition following unrelated primes only at long stimulus-onset asynchronies (SOAs). A series of experiments examined the modulation of these effects by individual differences in age or perceptual ability. Third-grade, 6th-grade, and college students performed a lexical-decision task on high- and low-frequency target words preceded by related, unrelated, and nonword primes. Greater priming for low-frequency targets was exhibited only by participants with high perceptual ability. Moreover, unlike the college students, the children showed no inhibition even at the long SOA. The authors provide an account of these results in terms of the properties of distributed network models and support this account with an explicit computational simulation.
现有的关于单词语义启动现象的解释包含多种机制，如扩散激活、基于预期的过程以及词后语义匹配。作者为一种单机制分布式网络解释提供了实证和计算支持。先前的研究发现，低频目标词比高频目标词有更大的语义启动效应，并且只有在长刺激呈现间隔（SOA）时，无关启动词之后才会出现抑制作用。一系列实验研究了年龄或感知能力的个体差异对这些效应的调节作用。三年级、六年级学生和大学生对在相关、无关和非词启动词之后的高频和低频目标词进行词汇判断任务。只有感知能力高的参与者才表现出对低频目标词有更大的启动效应。此外，与大学生不同，儿童即使在长SOA时也没有表现出抑制作用。作者根据分布式网络模型的特性对这些结果进行了解释，并用一个明确的计算模拟来支持这一解释。
