Gao Xiang, Chen Honglei, Fung Teresa T, Logroscino Giancarlo, Schwarzschild Michael A, Hu Frank B, Ascherio Alberto
Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Cambridge, MA 02115, USA.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Nov;86(5):1486-94. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/86.5.1486.
Several studies have shown associations between Parkinson Disease (PD) risk and individual foods and nutrients with inconsistent results.
We examined associations between dietary patterns and risk of PD in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (1986-2002) and the Nurses' Health Study (1984-2000).
We included 49 692 men and 81 676 women free of PD at baseline and used principal components analysis to identify major dietary patterns and the Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) and the alternate Mediterranean Diet Score (aMed) to assess diet quality. Relative risks (RRs) were computed by using Cox proportional hazards models within each cohort and were pooled by using a random-effects model.
We documented 508 new PD cases after 16 y of follow-up. The principal components analysis identified 2 dietary patterns: prudent and Western. The prudent dietary pattern, characterized by high intakes of fruit, vegetables, and fish, was inversely associated with PD risk, but the Western pattern was not. The pooled multivariate-adjusted RR for the top compared with the bottom quintiles of the prudent score was 0.78 (95% CI: 0.56, 1.07; P for trend = 0.04). For the AHEI, the pooled multivariate-adjusted RR for the top compared with the bottom quintile was 0.70 (95% CI: 0.51, 0.94; P for trend = 0.01) and for aMED was 0.75 (95% CI: 0.57, 1.00; P for trend = 0.07).
Dietary patterns with a high intake of fruit, vegetables, legumes, whole grains, nuts, fish, and poultry and a low intake of saturated fat and a moderate intake of alcohol may protect against PD. Benefits of a plant-based dietary pattern including fish to PD merit further investigation.
多项研究表明帕金森病（PD）风险与个别食物及营养素之间存在关联，但结果并不一致。
我们在健康专业人员随访研究（1986 - 2002年）和护士健康研究（1984 - 2000年）中，研究了饮食模式与PD风险之间的关联。
我们纳入了基线时无PD的49692名男性和81676名女性，并使用主成分分析来确定主要饮食模式，同时使用替代健康饮食指数（AHEI）和替代地中海饮食评分（aMed）来评估饮食质量。通过在每个队列中使用Cox比例风险模型计算相对风险（RRs），并使用随机效应模型进行汇总。
经过16年的随访，我们记录了508例新的PD病例。主成分分析确定了两种饮食模式：谨慎型和西方型。以水果、蔬菜和鱼类摄入量高为特征的谨慎饮食模式与PD风险呈负相关，而西方饮食模式则不然。谨慎评分最高五分位数与最低五分位数相比，汇总的多变量调整RR为0.78（95%CI：0.56，1.07；趋势P = 0.04）。对于AHEI，最高五分位数与最低五分位数相比，汇总的多变量调整RR为0.70（95%CI：0.51，0.94；趋势P = 0.01），对于aMED为0.75（95%CI：0.57，1.00；趋势P = 0.07）。
水果、蔬菜、豆类、全谷物、坚果、鱼类和家禽摄入量高、饱和脂肪摄入量低且酒精摄入量适中的饮食模式可能预防PD。包括鱼类在内的以植物为基础的饮食模式对PD的益处值得进一步研究。
