Umpierre Daniel, Stein Ricardo
Laboratório de Fisiopatologia do Exercício, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.
Arq Bras Cardiol. 2007 Oct;89(4):256-62. doi: 10.1590/s0066-782x2007001600008.
Resistance training has been proposed as a possible strategy for cardiovascular prevention and rehabilitation, and in this context, this review describes the cardiovascular effects mediated by this type of intervention. Increments in both muscular strength and capacity to perform daily tasks are well-characterized benefits of this type of training. More recently, studies using hemodynamic evaluation have shown cardiovascular stability in patients with coronary disease or heart failure during the performance of resistance exercise, with no apparent detriment to ventricular function or exacerbated increase in exercise blood pressure. Additionally, resting blood pressure also seems to be influenced by chronic resistance training, with a slight reduction in both systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). The measurement of pressure levels after a single resistance exercise session shows the occurrence of post-exercise hypotension in normal and hypertensive individuals; however, there is controversy as to the intensity of the effort necessary to induce this effect. Recently, intervention studies have investigated resistance exercise effects on vascular variables as arterial compliance and endothelial function. Despite the small number of experiments available, evidence has shown a potential influence of resistance training on the reduction of arterial compliance. On the other hand, peripheral blood flow is increased after resistance training, whereas the endothelial function seems to be improved especially after combined aerobic and resistance training. Additional research is necessary for an analysis of the efficacy of this intervention on validated outcomes, and for a greater understanding of the physiological mechanisms responsible for vascular adaptations.
抗阻训练已被提议作为心血管疾病预防和康复的一种可能策略，在此背景下，本综述描述了这种干预类型所介导的心血管效应。肌肉力量和执行日常任务能力的增强是这类训练的显著益处。最近，使用血流动力学评估的研究表明，冠心病或心力衰竭患者在进行抗阻运动时心血管系统保持稳定，对心室功能无明显损害，运动血压也不会过度升高。此外，长期抗阻训练似乎也会影响静息血压，收缩压（SBP）和舒张压（DBP）均略有下降。单次抗阻训练后压力水平的测量显示，正常人和高血压患者都会出现运动后低血压；然而，对于产生这种效应所需的运动强度存在争议。最近，干预研究调查了抗阻运动对血管变量如动脉顺应性和内皮功能的影响。尽管现有实验数量较少，但证据表明抗阻训练对降低动脉顺应性有潜在影响。另一方面，抗阻训练后外周血流量增加，而内皮功能似乎尤其在有氧训练和抗阻训练相结合后得到改善。需要进一步研究来分析这种干预对有效结果的疗效，并更深入地了解导致血管适应性变化的生理机制。
