Mise Yukari Figueroa, Lira-da-Silva Rejâne Maria, Carvalho Fernando Martins
Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA.
Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2007 Sep-Oct;40(5):569-73. doi: 10.1590/s0037-86822007000500015.
This study describes the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of 655 cases of Bothrops snakebites that were attended by and/or notified to the Bahia Antivenin Information Center, State of Bahia, Brazil, in 2001. The annual incidence in the State was 5.0 cases/100,000 inhabitants and lethality was 1%. The incidence was greatest in the North Coast microregion (21.9/100,000 inhabitants) and the municipality of Itanagra (92.9/100,000 inhabitants). The snakebites occurred predominantly during the day, affecting the lower limbs of men aged 11-30 years who worked in rural areas during the rainy period. Medical care was obtained more than 13 hours after the snakebite in 19% of the cases. Moderate (47.8%) and severe (23.6%) clinical presentations prevailed. The local and systemic clinical manifestations followed the usual pattern for Bothrops snakebites in Brazil. However, a few cases presented neurological manifestations, which are not usually attributed to Bothrops snakebites. The antivenin therapy used (7.7 blisters/patient) reflected the fact that the majority of the cases were moderate. Antivenins other than the univalent type were used in 2.3% of the cases.
本研究描述了2001年在巴西巴伊亚州巴伊亚抗蛇毒血清信息中心就诊和/或报告的655例矛头蝮蛇咬伤病例的临床和流行病学特征。该州的年发病率为5.0例/10万居民，致死率为1%。发病率在北海岸微区域最高（21.9/10万居民），伊塔纳格拉市最高（92.9/10万居民）。蛇咬伤主要发生在白天，影响11至30岁在雨季从事农村工作的男性的下肢。19%的病例在蛇咬伤后13小时以上才获得医疗救治。中度（47.8%）和重度（23.6%）临床表现占主导。局部和全身临床表现遵循巴西矛头蝮蛇咬伤的常见模式。然而，少数病例出现了神经学表现，通常并不认为这是矛头蝮蛇咬伤所致。所使用的抗蛇毒血清治疗（7.7瓶/患者）反映出大多数病例为中度。2.3%的病例使用了单价型以外的抗蛇毒血清。
