Mason Barbara J, Crean Rebecca
Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, Laboratory of Clinical Psychopharmacology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, TPC 5, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Expert Rev Neurother. 2007 Nov;7(11):1465-77. doi: 10.1586/14737175.7.11.1465.
Acamprosate has been commercially available in the USA since 2004 to treat alcohol dependence. Its safety and efficacy have been demonstrated in a number of clinical trials worldwide, which overall have shown significant improvements in abstinence compared with placebo. As with all alcoholism pharmacotherapies, acamprosate is used in conjunction with psychosocial interventions. One frequently described mechanism stipulates that acamprosate supports abstinence by normalizing the often protracted dysregulation of NMDA-mediated glutamatergic neurotransmission that follows chronic heavy alcohol use and withdrawal. This article reviews the clinical safety and efficacy of acamprosate, as well as results from recent pharmacoeconomic and human laboratory studies. These data elucidate the economic benefits of acamprosate, as well as its effects on cognition and alcohol-related sleep disturbances.
自2004年以来，阿坎酸在美国已投入商业使用，用于治疗酒精依赖。其安全性和有效性已在全球多项临床试验中得到证实，总体而言，与安慰剂相比，阿坎酸在戒酒方面有显著改善。与所有酒精中毒药物疗法一样，阿坎酸与心理社会干预联合使用。一种经常被描述的机制认为，阿坎酸通过使长期大量饮酒和戒断后通常持续存在的NMDA介导的谷氨酸能神经传递失调正常化来支持戒酒。本文综述了阿坎酸的临床安全性和有效性，以及近期药物经济学和人体实验室研究的结果。这些数据阐明了阿坎酸的经济效益及其对认知和与酒精相关的睡眠障碍的影响。
