Psaty B M, Inui T S
Department of Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98104.
Theor Med. 1991 Dec;12(4):345-58. doi: 10.1007/BF00489893.
The current paradigm in medicine generally distinguishes between genetic and environmental causes of disease. Although the word "paradigm" has become a commonplace, the theories of Thomas Kuhn have not received much attention in the journals of medicine. Kuhn's structuralist method differs radically from the daily activities of the scientific method itself. Using linguistic theory, this essay offers a structuralist reading of Thomas Kuhn's The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Our purpose is to highlight the similarities between these structuralist models of science and language. In part, we focus on the logic that enables Kuhn to assert the priority of perception over interpretation in the history of science. To illustrate some of these issues, we refer to the distinction between environmental and genetic causes of disease. While the activity of scientific research results in the revision of concepts in science, the production of significant differences that shape our knowledge is in part a social and linguistic process.
当前医学范式通常区分疾病的遗传病因和环境病因。尽管“范式”一词已变得司空见惯，但托马斯·库恩的理论在医学期刊中并未受到太多关注。库恩的结构主义方法与科学方法本身的日常活动截然不同。本文运用语言理论，对托马斯·库恩的《科学革命的结构》进行结构主义解读。我们的目的是突出这些科学与语言的结构主义模型之间的相似之处。在一定程度上，我们关注使库恩能够在科学史上主张感知优先于解释的逻辑。为说明其中一些问题，我们提及疾病环境病因和遗传病因之间的区别。虽然科学研究活动会导致科学概念的修订，但塑造我们知识的重大差异的产生部分是一个社会和语言过程。
