Pruniéras M, Delescluse C, Regnier M
J Invest Dermatol. 1976 Jul;67(1):58-65. doi: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12512483.
Two main criticisms can be leveled against the standard methods of skin culture: they are poorly quantifiable and the cultured cell populations are heterogeneous. A new technique based mainly on enzymatic dissociation allows specific cell types to be extracted from the skin before cultivation. In this way, separate cultures of epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts can be obtained from the same piece of skin. These purified systems have been used to study the kinetics of epidermal cell growth and to quantify the effect of various chemically defined substances on the growth and differentiation of keratinocytes. With further refinements in technique, purified populations of melanocytes can be extracted. The co-culture of pigmented melanocytes with albino keratinocytes has been proposed as a model to study pigment donation in vitro. The usual organ culture technique, including the use of large explants of skin immersed in the culture fluid, has been modified to show that adult human skin partially regenerates in vitro and that mitotic activity goes on for months in the regenerated epidermis. The use of nucleic acid hybridization techniques, combined with skin cell cultures from human tumors, opens new avenues of research on human cancer.
它们难以量化，而且培养的细胞群体具有异质性。一种主要基于酶解的新技术能够在培养前从皮肤中提取特定的细胞类型。通过这种方式，可以从同一块皮肤中获得表皮角质形成细胞和真皮成纤维细胞的单独培养物。这些纯化系统已被用于研究表皮细胞生长的动力学，并量化各种化学定义物质对角质形成细胞生长和分化的影响。随着技术的进一步改进，可以提取纯化的黑素细胞群体。有人提出将色素沉着的黑素细胞与白化角质形成细胞共培养作为体外研究色素捐赠的模型。常用的器官培养技术，包括使用浸泡在培养液中的大块皮肤外植体，已经得到改进，以表明成人皮肤在体外部分再生，并且有丝分裂活动在再生表皮中持续数月。核酸杂交技术与人类肿瘤皮肤细胞培养相结合，为人类癌症研究开辟了新的途径。
