Le Bihan D, Turner R, Moonen C T, Pekar J
Diagnostic Radiology Department, Warren G. Magnuson Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.
J Magn Reson Imaging. 1991 Jan-Feb;1(1):7-28. doi: 10.1002/jmri.1880010103.
Recent developments in the use of magnetic resonance (MR) to measure and image diffusion and blood microcirculation ("perfusion") are summarized. After a brief description of the effects of diffusion and perfusion on the MR signal, the different methods (conventional spin-echo, stimulated-echo, gradient-echo, and echo-planar imaging) that have been proposed and used to image and measure diffusion and perfusion by gradient sensitization are presented, along with their advantages and limitations. The difficulties of diffusion/perfusion imaging related to both hardware and software are then discussed. Special attention is given to specific problems encountered with in vivo studies and data analysis. Finally, the potential biologic and clinical applications are outlined, and some examples are presented.
本文总结了利用磁共振（MR）测量和成像扩散及血液微循环（“灌注”）的最新进展。在简要描述扩散和灌注对MR信号的影响之后，介绍了已被提出并用于通过梯度敏感化成像和测量扩散及灌注的不同方法（传统自旋回波、受激回波、梯度回波和回波平面成像），以及它们的优缺点。接着讨论了与硬件和软件相关的扩散/灌注成像的难点。特别关注了体内研究和数据分析中遇到的具体问题。最后，概述了潜在的生物学和临床应用，并给出了一些实例。
