Yamamoto Saburo, Yamamoto Toshiko
Department of Microbial and Molecular Pathogenesis, Texas A & M University Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Texas, USA.
Jpn J Infect Dis. 2007 Nov;60(6):331-6.
Bacillus Calmette and Guérin (BCG) was introduced to Japan in 1924 by Kiyoshi Shiga and has been propagated for research purposes ever since propagation is accomplished using a glycerin-bile-potato mixture in the same manner used by Calmette and Guérin. To prepare a stable and safe freeze-dried BCG vaccine, several joint research projects were organized in 1949. At the National Institute of Infectious Diseases (formerly the National Institute of Health), the 172nd passage of BCG from the first culture was freeze-dried in 1961 and was used as the origin of the Japanese BCG strain, Tokyo-172. The Tokyo-172 was registered as an International Reference Strain in 1965 by the World Health Organization. In 1967, a multiple puncture method for BCG vaccination using a plastic cylinder implanted with nine fine needles at one end was introduced to Japan; thereafter, percutaneous administration replaced intradermal injection. The efficacy and adverse reactions of BCG vaccines as well as recent knowledge on the genetic characterization of BCG is also discussed.
卡介苗（BCG）于1924年由志贺洁引入日本，此后一直用于研究目的，其繁殖方式与卡尔梅特和介兰所采用的相同，即使用甘油-胆汁-马铃薯混合物。为制备稳定且安全的冻干卡介苗疫苗，1949年组织了多个联合研究项目。在国立感染症研究所（前身为国立卫生研究所），1961年将第一代培养物的第172代卡介苗进行冻干，并用作日本卡介苗菌株东京-172的起源。东京-172于1965年被世界卫生组织登记为国际参考菌株。1967年，一种使用一端植入9根细针的塑料圆筒进行卡介苗接种的多点穿刺法被引入日本；此后，经皮接种取代了皮内注射。本文还讨论了卡介苗疫苗的疗效和不良反应以及卡介苗基因特征的最新知识。
