Anisimov Andrey P, Vagaiskaya Anastasia S, Trunyakova Alexandra S, Dentovskaya Svetlana V
Laboratory for Plague Microbiology, Especially Dangerous Infections Department, State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 142279 Obolensk, Russia.
Vaccines (Basel). 2025 Jan 13;13(1):66. doi: 10.3390/vaccines13010066.
During the last 100 years, vaccine development has evolved from an empirical approach to one of the more rational vaccine designs where the careful selection of antigens and adjuvants is key to the desired efficacy for challenging pathogens and/or challenging populations. To improve immunogenicity while maintaining a favorable reactogenicity and safety profile, modern vaccine design must consider factors beyond the choice of target antigen alone. With new vaccine technologies currently emerging, it will be possible to custom-design vaccines for optimal efficacy in groups of people with different responses to vaccination. It should be noted that after a fairly long period of overwhelming dominance of papers devoted to subunit plague vaccines, materials devoted to the development of live plague vaccines have increasingly been published. In this review, we present our opinion on reasonable tactics for the development and application of live, safe, and protective human plague vaccines causing an enhanced duration of protection and breadth of action against various virulent strains in vaccination studies representing different ages, genders, and nucleotide polymorphisms of the genes responsible for immune response.
在过去的100年里，疫苗研发已从经验性方法发展为更具理性的疫苗设计方法，其中精心选择抗原和佐剂是实现针对具有挑战性的病原体和/或具有挑战性的人群的预期疗效的关键。为了在保持良好的反应原性和安全性的同时提高免疫原性，现代疫苗设计必须考虑除目标抗原选择之外的其他因素。随着目前新疫苗技术的出现，有可能为对疫苗接种有不同反应的人群定制设计出具有最佳疗效的疫苗。应该指出的是，在致力于亚单位鼠疫疫苗的论文长期占据主导地位之后，有关活鼠疫疫苗开发的资料越来越多。在这篇综述中，我们就开发和应用安全、有效的人类活鼠疫疫苗的合理策略发表我们的看法，这些疫苗在疫苗接种研究中对不同年龄、性别以及负责免疫反应的基因的核苷酸多态性的各种强毒株具有延长的保护持续时间和广泛的作用范围。
