Quilez-Badia Gemma, McCollin Tracy, Josefsen Kjell D, Vourdachas Anthony, Gill Margaret E, Mesbahi Ehsan, Frid Chris L J
Dove Marine Laboratory, School of Marine Science and Technology, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Cullercoats NE30 4PZ, UK.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2008 Jan;56(1):127-35. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2007.09.036. Epub 2007 Nov 26.
A ballast water short-time high temperature heat treatment technique was applied on board a car-carrier during a voyage from Egypt to Belgium. Ballast water from three tanks was subjected for a few seconds to temperatures ranging from 55 degrees C to 80 degrees C. The water was heated using the vessel's heat exchanger steam and a second heat exchanger was used to pre-heat and cool down the water. The treatment was effective at causing mortality of bacteria, phytoplankton and zooplankton. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) standard was not agreed before this study was carried out, but comparing our results gives a broad indication that the IMO standard would have been met in some of the tests for the zooplankton, in all the tests for the phytoplankton; and probably on most occasions for the bacteria. Passing the water through the pump increased the kill rate but increasing the temperature above 55 degrees C did not improve the heat treatment's efficacy.
