Nijmeijer Judith S, Minderaa Ruud B, Buitelaar Jan K, Mulligan Aisling, Hartman Catharina A, Hoekstra Pieter J
Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Clin Psychol Rev. 2008 Apr;28(4):692-708. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2007.10.003. Epub 2007 Nov 1.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with functional impairments in different areas of daily life. One such area is social functioning. The purpose of this paper is to critically review research on social dysfunctioning in children with ADHD. Children with ADHD often have conflicts with adults and peers, and suffer from unpopularity, rejection by peers, and a lack of friendships, in part as a consequence of their ADHD symptoms. Comorbid oppositional defiant or conduct disorder aggravates these impairments. In some cases the inadequate social behavior of children with ADHD may be phenomenologically and etiologically related to pervasive developmental disorders (PDD). However, the causes and consequences of PDD symptoms in ADHD are understudied. Also, the relative contributions of ADHD, on the one hand, and comorbid disorders, on the other, to the course of social impairments are unknown. Social dysfunctioning in children with ADHD appears to increase their risk of later psychopathology other than ADHD. Thus far effective treatment for social dysfunctioning is lacking. Future research should address the exact nature and long-term consequences of social dysfunctioning in children with ADHD, and focus on development of effective treatment strategies.
注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）与日常生活不同领域的功能损害有关。其中一个领域就是社交功能。本文的目的是对有关ADHD儿童社交功能障碍的研究进行批判性综述。ADHD儿童经常与成人和同龄人发生冲突，不受欢迎，遭同龄人排斥，缺乏友谊，部分原因是他们的ADHD症状。共患对立违抗性障碍或品行障碍会加重这些损害。在某些情况下，ADHD儿童不适当的社交行为在现象学和病因学上可能与广泛性发育障碍（PDD）有关。然而，ADHD中PDD症状的原因和后果尚未得到充分研究。此外，一方面ADHD，另一方面共患疾病对社交障碍病程的相对影响尚不清楚。ADHD儿童中的社交功能障碍似乎会增加他们日后患ADHD以外精神病理学的风险。到目前为止，尚缺乏针对社交功能障碍的有效治疗方法。未来的研究应探讨ADHD儿童社交功能障碍的确切性质和长期后果，并专注于开发有效的治疗策略。
