Su Ziyao, Wang Yingtan, Wang Bin, Han Chuanliang, Zhang Haoran, Gu Yanyan, Chen Yu, Zhao Xixi, Shi Yuwei
The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Front Neurosci. 2025 Jul 15;19:1617307. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2025.1617307. eCollection 2025.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a childhood-onset neurobiological disorder that often persists into adulthood. Adult ADHD is an important public health concern due to its great social damage and challenges in clinical recognition, resulting in a significant disease burden. Nonetheless, the diagnosis of adult ADHD remains challenging due to the absence of specific symptoms and biological markers. The aims of this systematic review were as follows: (1) To discern whether there were any differences in resting-state electroencephalogram (EEG) and event related potential (ERP) between adult ADHD and healthy controls (HCs). (2) To ascertain whether ERP specific manifestations associated with executive function (EF) deficiencies. (3) To conduct an exploration into the mechanisms of specific electrophysiologic alterations. This review was conducted in PubMed-Medline and Web-of-Science from 1971 to August 15th, 2024 to summarize the EEG changes of adult ADHD. We focused on resting-state EEG to report spectral power across different frequency bands and ERPs under different experimental tasks, 68 studies were finally included. When studying the characteristics of resting-state EEG in adult ADHD patients, we observed that theta power exhibits a consistent upward trend. Congruous reduction Pe, P3, and N2 amplitudes during response inhibition tasks, with a further decrease in P3 and N2 amplitudes in sustained attention tasks. These EEG changes may stem from impairments in error detection, cognitive control, and attention allocation, meaning that core EFs are affected in adults with ADHD. Overall, consistent changes in resting-state EEG and ERPs could provide insight for the identification of ADHD in adults.
注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是一种起病于儿童期的神经生物学疾病，常持续至成年期。成人ADHD因其巨大的社会危害以及临床识别方面的挑战，成为一个重要的公共卫生问题，导致了显著的疾病负担。尽管如此，由于缺乏特异性症状和生物学标志物，成人ADHD的诊断仍然具有挑战性。本系统评价的目的如下：（1）辨别成人ADHD患者与健康对照（HCs）在静息态脑电图（EEG）和事件相关电位（ERP）方面是否存在差异。（2）确定与执行功能（EF）缺陷相关的ERP具体表现。（3）探究特定电生理改变的机制。本评价于1971年至2024年8月15日在PubMed-Medline和Web of Science中进行，以总结成人ADHD的EEG变化。我们聚焦于静息态EEG以报告不同频段的频谱功率以及不同实验任务下的ERP，最终纳入68项研究。在研究成人ADHD患者静息态EEG特征时，我们观察到θ波功率呈现一致的上升趋势。在反应抑制任务中，Pe、P3和N2波幅出现相应降低，在持续注意力任务中P3和N2波幅进一步下降。这些EEG变化可能源于错误检测、认知控制和注意力分配方面的损害，这意味着成人ADHD患者的核心EF受到影响。总体而言，静息态EEG和ERP的一致变化可为成人ADHD的识别提供线索。
