Redzić Sulejman S
Center of Ecology and Natural Resources, Faculty of Science University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Coll Antropol. 2007 Sep;31(3):869-90.
This paper contains first systematical revision of the results on traditional use of wild medicinal and aromatic herbs on the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H)--west of Balkan Peninsula; Southeast of Europe. There have been detected 227 plants belonging to 71 different plant families, which are being used with ethno therapeutic purpose. Results were obtained by method of open ethno botanical interview which comprised 150 persons, whose average age was 63. Medicinal plants in ethno therapy are being used either in fresh, raw or dried condition. Different herbal parts, depending on period of vegetation season, sometimes even in winter, are basis for preparation of infusions (59%), decoct (19%), tinctures (4%). Especially original are balms known as Bosnian "mehlems", which are fresh cuted herbal parts mixed with lukewarm resin, raw cow butter or honey. In ethno therapy are mostly being used aerial plant organs. Majority of herbs is being used for treatment of illnesses of respiratory (22%), gastrointestinal (19%) and urinary and genital system (9%), for treatment of skin conditions (11%), as well as for nervous system and heart diseases (16%). The most original plants on the field of ethno pharmacology, comparing with ethno therapy practice of other regions, are as follows: Ballota nigra, Aesculus hippocastanum, Calluna vulgaris, Centaurea cyanus, Euphrasia rostkoviana, Geranium robertianum, Gentiana asclepiadea, Helichrysum italicum, Lycopodium clavatum, Marrubium vulgare, Nepeta cataria, Populus tremula, Ruta graveolens, Tamus communis, Teucrium montanum, T. chamaedrys, and endemic plants Gentiana lutea subsp. symphyandra, Teucrium arduini, Micromeria thymifolia, Satureja montana, S. subspicata, Rhamnus fallax and Viola elegantula. There haven't been noticed significant differences in the frequencies of medicinal plants use among different ethnical groups. But, it has been perceived that longer ethno therapeutic tradition possess inhabitants of sub- and Mediterranean areas, as well as inhabitants of the mountain areas of B&H, regardless their ethnicity.
本文首次系统修订了波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那（波黑）——巴尔干半岛西部、欧洲东南部地区野生药用和芳香草本植物传统用途的研究结果。已检测出属于71个不同植物科的227种植物，它们被用于民族疗法。研究结果通过对150人进行开放式民族植物学访谈的方法获得，这些人的平均年龄为63岁。民族疗法中使用的药用植物有新鲜的、生的或干燥的。根据植被季节的不同，有时甚至在冬季，不同的草药部位是制备浸剂（59%）、煎剂（19%）、酊剂（4%）的基础。特别独特的是被称为波斯尼亚“mehlems”的香脂，它们是将新鲜切碎的草药部位与温热的树脂、生牛油或蜂蜜混合而成。民族疗法中大多使用地上植物器官。大多数草药用于治疗呼吸系统疾病（22%）、胃肠道疾病（19%）以及泌尿生殖系统疾病（9%），用于治疗皮肤疾病（11%），以及用于治疗神经系统和心脏疾病（16%）。与其他地区的民族疗法实践相比，民族药理学领域最独特的植物如下：黑绵枣儿、七叶树、帚石楠、矢车菊、小米草、罗伯特老鹳草、龙胆、意大利蜡菊、石松、夏至草、荆芥、欧洲山杨、芸香、欧白英、山地香科科、矮生香科科、黄精叶鼠李、优雅堇菜，以及特有植物黄花龙胆亚种symphyandra、阿尔杜伊香科科、百里香叶微孔草、山地风轮菜、近穗状风轮菜、淡黄鼠李。不同民族群体在药用植物使用频率上未发现显著差异。但是，可以察觉到波黑的亚地中海地区居民以及山区居民，无论其种族如何，都拥有更长的民族疗法传统。
