Trinkle-Mulcahy Laura, Lamond Angus I
Wellcome Trust Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK.
Science. 2007 Nov 30;318(5855):1402-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1142033.
The nucleus is the defining feature of eukaryotic cells. It is a highly dynamic, membrane-bound organelle that encloses chromatin and thereby partitions gene transcription from sites of protein translation in the cytoplasm. Major cellular events, including DNA replication, messenger RNA synthesis and processing, and ribosome subunit biogenesis, take place within the nucleus, resulting in a continuous flux of macromolecules into and out of the nucleus through dedicated nuclear pore complexes in the nuclear envelope. Here, we review the impact of new technologies, especially in areas of fluorescence microscopy and proteomics, which are providing major insights into dynamic processes affecting both structure and function within the nucleus.
细胞核是真核细胞的标志性特征。它是一个高度动态的、有膜包裹的细胞器，包裹着染色质，从而将基因转录与细胞质中的蛋白质翻译位点分隔开来。包括DNA复制、信使RNA合成与加工以及核糖体亚基生物合成在内的主要细胞活动都在细胞核内发生，导致大分子通过核膜上专门的核孔复合体持续进出细胞核。在此，我们综述新技术的影响，尤其是在荧光显微镜和蛋白质组学领域，这些技术正在为影响细胞核结构和功能的动态过程提供重要见解。
